Prof. Dr. Neveen Geweely

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Twelve thiazoles and their fused derivatives were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Trichophyton rubrum, T. terrestre, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Microsporum gypseum. Most of the synthesized compounds were inhibitory to the tested fungi. The most effective compound was 5-(4-ethoxybenzylidene-4,5-dihydro-4-oxothiazol-2-yl)-N,3-diphenylbut-2-namide (3c) followed by 2-(4-oxo-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)-3-phenyl-but-2-enoic acid-(3-cyano-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-amide (2b). These compounds were more efficacious than terbinafine, the reference drug. The tested compounds caused variable reduction in the activity of keratinase of the dermatophytes, depending on the azole derivative and the test fungus. Thiazole derivatives (2b) and (3c) exhibited the highest efficacy in decreasing ergosterol biosynthesis of the tested dermatophytes. The treatment of guinea pigs with compound (3c) induced complete curing in the case of all the test dermatophytes 30days post-treatment. The percent curing for compounds (3c) and (2b) was better than the reference drug.

Fungal influenced corrosion (FIC) of some corroded sites in three selected bridges [Embaba bridge (E-bridge), Kasr al-Nile-bridge (K-bridge) and University bridge (U-bridge)] located over the River Nile in Egypt were investigated. Six fungal species, belong to 12 fungal genera, were isolated from the corroded reinforced concrete of the three tested bridges. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was screened for the most dominant fungal species (Fusarium oxysporium) which showed in all tested bridges that indicated the presence of amine group accompanied with polysaccharides contents. FIC of the most deteriorated bridge (K-bridge) was documented with FTIR. The association of fungal spores with corrosion products was recorded with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Evaluation of ozone for preventing FIC of the K-bridge was carried out by recording the corrosion rate and the corresponding inhibition efficiency (IE%). No mycelial growth with 100% IE was observed at 3 ppm ozone concentration after 120 min exposure time. With longer duration of ozone exposure, the membrane permeability of F. oxysporium was compromised as indicated by protein and nucleic acid leakages accompanied with lipid and tryptophan oxidation. The total intracellular and extracellular proteins of F. oxysporium were run on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated the increasing of the supernatant protein on the expense of the cellular protein bands with extending ozone exposure time (0-80 min).

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The preparation of metal (II) complexes [CoCl(2).6H(2)O, Ni(CH(3)COO)(2).4H(2)O, Cu(CH(3)COO)(2).2H(2)O, and Zn (CH3COO)(2) .2H(2)O] with 2[N-(cinnamlidene) amino]-5-nitro phenol as a novel ligands and their biological evaluation against candida species was studied. The inhibitory effects of the tested metal complexes were tested against six pathogenic yeasts (Candida albicans, C. fructus, C. glabrata, C. oleophila, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis). The effect of the most efficient metal complex (Zn(II) complex) was more pronounced at 1.25 microg/ml, while Ni(II) complex was exhibited the least suppressive effect. Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes act as potential antitumor agents, while Zn(II) complex has shown promising cytotoxic activity with slow candidal respiration rate. Addition of Zn(II) complex leading to suppression of cell wall components in all candidal cells accompanied with leaking out of amino acids. Purification of the cell wall mannoprotein of C. glabrata treated with Zn(II) complex was established, resulting one pure fissured protein peak. Cell wall protein modulation was showed by appearance of two new protein bands with molecular weights of 72 and 39 KDa in C. glabrata cells treated with Zn(II) complex compared with one pure protein band 55.6 KDa in the non treated yeast cell.

The preparation of metal (II) complexes [CoCl(2).6H(2)O, Ni(CH(3)COO)(2).4H(2)O, Cu(CH(3)COO)(2).2H(2)O, and Zn (CH3COO)(2) .2H(2)O] with 2[N-(cinnamlidene) amino]-5-nitro phenol as a novel ligands and their biological evaluation against candida species was studied. The inhibitory effects of the tested metal complexes were tested against six pathogenic yeasts (Candida albicans, C. fructus, C. glabrata, C. oleophila, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis). The effect of the most efficient metal complex (Zn(II) complex) was more pronounced at 1.25 microg/ml, while Ni(II) complex was exhibited the least suppressive effect. Co(II) and Zn(II) complexes act as potential antitumor agents, while Zn(II) complex has shown promising cytotoxic activity with slow candidal respiration rate. Addition of Zn(II) complex leading to suppression of cell wall components in all candidal cells accompanied with leaking out of amino acids. Purification of the cell wall mannoprotein of C. glabrata treated with Zn(II) complex was established, resulting one pure fissured protein peak. Cell wall protein modulation was showed by appearance of two new protein bands with molecular weights of 72 and 39 KDa in C. glabrata cells treated with Zn(II) complex compared with one pure protein band 55.6 KDa in the non treated yeast cell.

In this study, Aspergillus terreus was irradiated by a 7.3 mW He-Ne laser in the presence of crystal violet, toluidine blue O and hematoporphyrin as photosensitizers. Xylanases recovered from non-irradiated and irradiated fungi were purified and characterized. The maximum production of xylanase (42.2 U/ml) was obtained after 5 min of laser irradiation in the absence of the photosensitizer. The irradiation of the sensitized fungus diminished the production of xylanase. On purification using G-100, the specific activity of xylanase recovered from the irradiated fungus was 292 U/mg protein representing a 37-fold purification over the crude extract compared with 95.6 U/mg protein representing the 12.8-fold for the enzyme recovered from the non-irradiated fungus. The enzyme recovered from the irradiated fungus had lower molecular weight as compared with that recovered from the non-irradiated one. Characterization of the purified enzymes revealed that the enzyme recovered from the irradiated fungus was more thermostable and had a wider range of optimum reaction temperature (60-70 degrees C) and pH (4.0-12.0), compared to the non-irradiated one.

In this study, Aspergillus terreus was irradiated by a 7.3 mW He-Ne laser in the presence of crystal violet, toluidine blue O and hematoporphyrin as photosensitizers. Xylanases recovered from non-irradiated and irradiated fungi were purified and characterized. The maximum production of xylanase (42.2 U/ml) was obtained after 5 min of laser irradiation in the absence of the photosensitizer. The irradiation of the sensitized fungus diminished the production of xylanase. On purification using G-100, the specific activity of xylanase recovered from the irradiated fungus was 292 U/mg protein representing a 37-fold purification over the crude extract compared with 95.6 U/mg protein representing the 12.8-fold for the enzyme recovered from the non-irradiated fungus. The enzyme recovered from the irradiated fungus had lower molecular weight as compared with that recovered from the non-irradiated one. Characterization of the purified enzymes revealed that the enzyme recovered from the irradiated fungus was more thermostable and had a wider range of optimum reaction temperature (60-70 degrees C) and pH (4.0-12.0), compared to the non-irradiated one.

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