@article {247425,
	title = {Niosomes loading N-acetyl-L-cysteine for cancer treatment in vivo study.},
	journal = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg{\textquoteright}s archives of pharmacology},
	volume = {397},
	year = {2024},
	pages = {4339-4353},
	abstract = {<p>Scientists are seeking to find an effective treatment for tumors that has no side effects. N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) is a thiol compound extracted from garlic. Current study explores the potential of NAC-loaded niosomes (NAC-NIO) for tumor treatment in mice. NAC-loaded niosomes{\textquoteright} efficiency, morphology, UV absorption, size distribution, zeta potential, release, and FTIR analysis were evaluated. For vivo study, 25 male BALB/c mice were divided to five groups: gp1 negative control (receive saline), gp2 positive control (tumor group), gp3 treated with NAC, gp4 treated with NAC-NIO at the same time of tumor injection, and gp5 treated with NAC-NIO after tumor growth (day 14). The impact of NAC-NIO on the tumor treatment was evaluated by measuring tumor size progress, comet assay, oxidative stress parameters (GSH, nitric oxide, MDA), western blot analysis, and histopathological investigation of tissues. NAC-NIO showed 72 {\textpm} 3\% encapsulation efficiency and zeta potential - 5.95~mV with spherical shape. It was found that oral administration of NAC-NIO in a dose of 50~mg/kg provided significant protection against tumor cells. Our formulation decreases DNA injury significantly (P \&lt; 0.05). It was noticed that NAC-NIO can increase oxidative stress levels in tumor tissue. On the other hand, the caspase 3 and caspase 9 gene expression were upregulated significantly (P \&lt; 0.001) in mice administrated NAC-NIO compared with all other groups. Histological studies confirmed the protective effect of NAC-NIO against tumor especially for treatment during tumor growth protocol. The results suggested that oral delivery of NAC-NIO formulation improved antioxidant effect.</p>
},
	author = {EBTESAM A. MOHAMAD and Abeer A Ali, and Marwa Sharaky, and Reem H. El-Gebaly}
}
