Shaalan, M., B. Sellyei, M. El-Matbouli, and C. Székely,
"Efficacy of silver nanoparticles to control flavobacteriosis caused by Flavobacterium johnsoniae in common carp Cyprinus carpio.",
Diseases of aquatic organisms, vol. 137, issue 3, pp. 175-183, 2020.
AbstractFlavobacterial infections are among the causes of fish losses in farms with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant isolates. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known for their potent antimicrobial activity against different types of bacteria. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial properties of AgNPs (diameter: 23 nm) against Flavobacterium johnsoniae infection in common carp Cyprinus carpio. The assays included both in vitro and in vivo antibacterial tests in addition to evaluation of cell toxicity effects on the fish cell lines. The in vitro results revealed potent inhibitory effects of AgNPs on the growth of F. johnsoniae with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 34 µg ml-1. Fish cell (epithelioma papulosum cyprini and koi carp fin) viability was 95-100% after exposure to 500 ng ml-1 (and lower concentrations) of AgNPs. In the exposure experiment, mortality rates decreased from 45% in the infected non-treated group to 30 and 15% in the intraperitoneal injection and immersion-treated groups, respectively. Neither of the treated groups showed any clinical signs or histopathological lesions. The single-dose treatment with AgNPs during early infection with F. johnsoniae aided in minimizing fish losses.
Farouk, M. M., A. El-Molla, F. A. Salib, Y. A. Soliman, and M. Shaalan,
"The Role of Silver Nanoparticles in a Treatment Approach for Multidrug-Resistant Species Isolates.",
International journal of nanomedicine, vol. 15, pp. 6993-7011, 2020.
AbstractPurpose: The main objective of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against multidrug-resistant isolates recovered from diarrheic sheep and goats.
Methods: This study used chemical reduction synthesis of AgNPs to evaluate their antimicrobial effects by estimation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for each isolate using the microplate dilution method and tetrazolium salt reduction test to detect the viability percentage. In vivo treatment efficacy was assessed in mice by determining the viable count of Enteritidis recovered from feces and by hematologic, biochemical and histopathologic examinations to confirm that use of AgNPs has no toxic or pathologic effects and to evaluate its ability in tissue regeneration following treatment.
Results: All recovered strains were identified as MDR with a prevalence of 4% and 3.6% in sheep and goats, respectively. The results of TEM, DLS, Zeta potential, and FTIR revealed typical characteristics of the synthesized AgNPs. Silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against all recovered strains with MIC of ≤0.02-0.313 μg/mL (mean average 0.085±0.126 μg/mL) and MBC of 0.078-1.250 μg/mL (average 0.508±0.315 μg/mL). In vivo efficacy of AgNPs was observed by a reduction in the number of viable . Enteritidis recovered from feces in an . Enteritidis infected mouse model, with complete shedding stopping between treatment days 4 and 6. Hematologic, serum biochemical, and histopathologic analyses proved the ability of AgNPs to suppress inflammatory reaction caused by . Enteritidis infection.
Conclusion: The study proved the effective ability of AgNPs to fight MDR spp. in vitro and in vivo without adverse effects.