Mohamed Zabady

This study pointed to explore clinical, biochemical, bacteriological and ultrasonographic changes in camels with chronic cystitis (n=15) and control animals (n=15). Blood and urine samples from these camels were submitted to laboratory investigations. The camels with chronic cystitis showed pollakiuria, dysuria, stranguria, haematuria, and inappropriate urination. The urine analysis revealed haematuria and pyuria. The isolated bacteria were E. coli (n=15), Corynebacterium renale (n=13) and mixed bacterial culture (n=2). The laboratory analysis of blood samples revealed leukocytosis and neutrophilia in diseased camels when compared with healthy ones. There was significant increase in the levels of globulin and fibrinogen with significant decrease in the albumin levels in diseased camels when compared to healthy ones. There was non-significant changes in triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels in diseased camels when compared with healthy ones. The trans-rectal ultrasonographic examination in camels with chronic cystitis showed a narrow bladder lumen with severely thickened and corrugated bladder wall. Treatment trials failed in all cases under investigation.

This study pointed to explore clinical, biochemical, bacteriological and ultrasonographic changes in camels with chronic cystitis (n=15) and control animals (n=15). Blood and urine samples from these camels were submitted to laboratory investigations. The camels with chronic cystitis showed pollakiuria, dysuria, stranguria, haematuria, and inappropriate urination. The urine analysis revealed haematuria and pyuria. The isolated bacteria were E. coli (n=15), Corynebacterium renale (n=13) and mixed bacterial culture (n=2). The laboratory analysis of blood samples revealed leukocytosis and neutrophilia in diseased camels when compared with healthy ones. There was significant increase in the levels of globulin and fibrinogen with significant decrease in the albumin levels in diseased camels when compared to healthy ones. There was non-significant changes in triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels in diseased camels when compared with healthy ones. The trans-rectal ultrasonographic examination in camels with chronic cystitis showed a narrow bladder lumen with severely thickened and corrugated bladder wall. Treatment trials failed in all cases under investigation.

This study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic and sedative efficacy of the combination of tramadol-xylazine used in six dromedary camels underwent soft tissue surgeries and premidicated with Intravenous (IV) 0.2 mg kg-1 of xylazine. The combination was induced IV with 2.0 mg kg-1 of tramadol and 0.2 mg kg-1 of xylazine, IV top-up of the combination of the same original doses was injected whenever the analgesia was inadequate or when surgical stimulation provoked movement. A surgically satisfactory analgesia was achieved and maintained in all camels by this combination except in two camels that underwent perineal laceration and castration showing signs of distress and pain as the injection dose was insufficient even after a supplemental dose at the same original dose was administered. Mean time±SD from administration of the combination of tramadol-xylazine until end of operation was 39.5±10.1 min. This study concludes that the combination of tramadol-xyalzine was effective and safe to use in camels and suggests that combination can be improved upon by combining with local analgesic drug to achieve adequate depth of analgesia

An extremely large-sized neogrowth of myxoma was observed at the cannon region in a 3-year-old Arabian mare. The mass developed during the course of 4 months. The mass mechanically hindered the animal movement, exposing the mare to multiple external injuries and subsequent blood loss. The clinical parameters, morphology, and hematological and histopathological examinations of the myxoma were recorded. The body condition score of the mare was 1. The hemogram revealed moderate to severe degree of anemia. Histopathological sections assessed after surgical removal identified the mass as a myxoma. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of cutaneous myxoma at equine limb in an Arabian horse.

Out of 2629 camels, thirty camels of different ages, sexes, and breeds
were diagnosed as angular fetlock deformity. Clinically, those camels were
suffering from different degrees of valgus and varus deformities. The
prevalent radiographic alterations were asymmetric division of the distal end
of the third and fourth metacarpals accompanied by shortening deformities.
The divergence angle of the distal end of the metacarpals were measured and
classified into 3 grades. Necropsy and histopathological fmdings revealed
variable degrees of secondary degenerative joint disease.