@article {126534, title = {Inflammatory and Non-inflammatory Breast Cancer: A Potential Role for Detection of Multiple Viral DNAs in Disease Progression.}, journal = {Annals of surgical oncology}, volume = {23}, year = {2016}, month = {2016 Feb}, pages = {494-502}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most lethal form of breast cancer. Multiple viral infections in IBC tissues were found to be associated with disease pathogenesis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to correlate the incidence of viral DNA with breast cancer progression.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall, 135 women diagnosed with breast cancer were enrolled in this study. Using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing assays, we determined the incidence of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 (HPV-16 and -18), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus, human herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, and human herpes virus type 8 (HHV-8) in breast carcinoma tissue biopsies. We also assessed the expression of the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 by immunohistochemistry in association with the incidence of viral DNA.

RESULTS: HCMV and HPV-16 were the most detected viral DNAs in breast carcinoma tissues; however, the frequency of HCMV and HHV-8 DNA were significantly higher in IBC than non-IBC tissues. Moreover, the prevalence of multiple viral DNAs was higher in IBC than non-IBC tissues. The incidence of multiple viral DNAs positively correlates with tumor size and number of metastatic lymph nodes in both non-IBC and IBC patients. The expression of Ki-67 was found to be significantly higher in both non-IBC and IBC tissues in which multiple viral DNAs were detected.

CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of multiple viral DNAs in IBC tissues was higher compared with non-IBC tissues. The present results suggest the possibility of a functional relationship between the presence of multiple viral DNAs and disease pathogenesis.

}, keywords = {Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, Tumor, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast, Carcinoma, Lobular, Disease Progression, DNA, Viral, Egypt, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms, Lymphatic Metastasis, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, Receptor, erbB-2, Receptors, Estrogen, Receptors, Progesterone, Virus Diseases, Viruses}, issn = {1534-4681}, doi = {10.1245/s10434-015-4888-2}, author = {Mohamed El-Shinawi and Hossam Taha Mohamed and Hadeer Hesham Abdel-Fattah and Sherif Abdel Aziz Ibrahim and Medhat S. El-Halawany and M Akram Nouh and Robert J. Schneider and Mona Mostafa Mohamed} }