Medical Sector

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare between two antioxidant treatments in prevention of fenitrothion induced toxicity on rat parotid salivary gland.

Ketotifen fumerate ophthalmic solution is an antihistaminic drug. The aim of this study was to develop a novel aqueous ketotifen eye drop formulation containin ketotifen/2-Hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin complex, which has the ability to enhance the solubility of the drug at the physiological pH (7.4), consequently decreasing the irritation to the eye.

Aim of the work: To evaluate the associations of serum 25 hydroxy (OH) vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels with cardiovascular risk factors as well as disease activity in women with SLE.

Background: Bladder cancer cells illustrate major disruptions in their DNA methylation patterns as compared with normal ones. Authors aimed to identify epigenetic molecular markers in urine for early detection of bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the methylation status

Introduction: The purpose of this research is to determine the accuracy and reliability of measurements obtained from 3-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for different head orientations.

Superimposition of serial Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans has become a valuable tool for three dimensional (3D) assessments of treatment effects and stability. Voxel based image registration is a newly developed semiautomated technique for superimposition and comparison of two CBCT scans.

This analysis evaluated the effects of deferasirox on liver iron concentration in moderate and heavily iron-overloaded patients with ?-thalassaemia from the ESCALATOR trial (n = 231).

Background and aim: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important causes of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) in infants and young children. This study was conducted to describe the epidemiology of ALRTI associated with RSV among children ? 5 years old in Egypt.

Aim: This study was carried out to determine the frequency of the clinical diagnostic criteria in patients with Alagille syndrome (AGS) in comparison to a group of infants with cholestasis and histologically proven neonatal hepatitis (NH). Special emphasis will be paid to the type and frequency of ocular manifestations.

Aim: Evaluation of a protocol for the management of seminal tract obstruction.

Patients and methods: Eighty infertile men with obstructive azoospermia were enrolled in this study. Intraoperative vasography pinpointed the site (or sites) of obstruction. According to the algorithm, single-site or multiple-site obstructions were managed by various combinations of epididymovasostomy, vasovasostomy, transurethral resection of the ejaculatory ducts, and pelviscrotal vasovasostomy.

Results: Cases (92.5%, 74 out of 80 patients) showed the appearance of spermatozoa in semen after surgery. The average count was 14 million/ml and the average motility was 40%. Simultaneous multiple-site obstruction was detected and managed in 32 out of 80 patients (40%).

Conclusion: The modest success rate for surgical repair of seminal tract obstruction may be attributable to missing or failure to manage multiple-site obstruction, which appears to be common. The proposed algorithm guides the surgeon to full restoration of patency of the seminal tract along its whole length on the basis of proper diagnostic and corrective measures.

Background: Alloimmunization to red blood cells' (RBCs) antigens and formation of autoantibodies against RBCs is a frequent complication among immunocompetent transfusion-dependent patients. Autoantibodies can result in clinical hemolysis and difficulty in cross-matching blood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of alloantibodies and autoantibodies in regularly transfused ?-thalassemic patients and the factors influencing the development of alloantibodies.

With the re-emergence of older antibiotics as valuable choices for treatment of serious infections, we studied the aminoglycoside resistance of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients with ear, urinary tract, skin, and gastrointestinal tract infections at Minia university hospital in Egypt. Escherichia coli (mainly from urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract infections) was the most prevalent isolate (28.57%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.7%) (mainly from ear discharge and skin infections). Isolates exhibited maximal resistance against streptomycin (83.4%), and minimal resistance against amikacin (17.7%) and intermediate degrees of resistance against neomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. Resistance to older aminoglycosides was higher than newer aminoglycoides. The most common aminoglycoside resistance phenotype was that of streptomycin resistance, present as a single phenotype or in combination, followed by kanamycin-neomycin as determined by interpretative reading. The resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were capable of producing aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and using efflux as mechanisms of resistance. Using checkerboard titration method, the most frequently-observed outcome in combinations of aminoglycosides with ?-lactams or quinolones was synergism. The most effective combination was amikacin with ciprofloxacin (100% Synergism), whereas the least effective combination was gentamicin with amoxicillin (53.3% Synergistic, 26.7% additive, and 20% indifferent FIC indices). Whereas the studied combinations were additive and indifferent against few of the tested strains, antagonism was never observed. The high resistance rates to aminoglycosides exhibited by Gram-negative bacteria in this study could be attributed to the selective pressure of aminoglycoside usage which could be controlled by successful implementation of infection control measures.

Background And Objectives: Prior to the mid-1980s, me treatment of choice for anal cancer was abdom-inoperineal resection. Currently, combined chemoradiation is the standard of care. Or objective was to analyze results of treatment for anal canal carcinoma treated with combined chemoradiation.

This thesis is concerned with the analysis of four selected drugs of the CVS
acting drugs namely Amlodipine besylate, Atorvastatin calcium, Valsartan and
Hydrochlorothiazide. In this work, different analytical techniques were applied for
the simultaneous quantitative determination of Amlodipine besylate and
Atorvastatin calcium in their laboratory prepared mixtures and in their tablet
dosage form using spectrophotometric methods. Stability study was carried out on
Amlodipine besylate and Atorvastatin calcium and stability indicating methods
were developed for the determination of both drugs in the presence of their acidic
degradation products using chemometric methods. Different analytical techniques
were applied for the simultaneous quantitative determination of Amlodipine
besylate, Valsartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in their laboratory prepared mixtures
and in their tablet dosage form using spectrophotometric, chemometric and
chromatographic methods. The aim of the present work was the development of
analytical procedures which would be feasible, sensitive and specific for the
determination of the studied drugs in their laboratory prepared mixtures and their
pharmaceutical dosage forms and Amlodipine besylate and Atorvastatin calcium
in the presence of their acidic degradation products.

Most pharmaceutical compounds are subjected to some degradation with the
subsequent partial or even complete loss of pharmacological activity or the
conversion into harmful or toxic substances. A stability indicating procedure may
be defined as a procedure that affords selective determination of a drug in presence
of its degradation products. This work is concerned with the quantitative
determination of the intact molecules of some for some drugs affecting the
musculoskeletal system, namely, diacerein, neostigmine bromide, allopurinol,
benzbromarone and orphenadrine citrate in raw materials, in presence of their
degradation products and in their pharmaceutical dosage forms using different
analytical techniques. Simple spectrophotometric, ion-selective electrode based
potentiometric and chromatographic methods were developed for the stability
indicating determination of diacerein, neostigmine bromide, orphenadrine citrate
and for the analysis of a mixture of allopurinol and benzbromarone.

Mortality risk for elective brain tumor surgery surgery,

Articular involvement is a frequent extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The distinction between HCV-related polyarthropathy and true RA may be very diYcult, especially with recent onset RA before articular damage and erosions develop. The objective of the study is to assess the diagnostic utility of anti-CCP antibodies and compare it with that of rheumatoid factor (RF) in distinguishing between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and HCV-related polyarthropathy. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies and RF were determined in the sera of 30 patients with RA and 22 patients with HCV-related polyarthropathy. Anti-CCP antibodies were positive in 83.3% of patients with RA and in 4.5% in patients with HCV and polyarthropathy. RF was positive in 90% of RA patients and in 81.1% of HCV patients with polyarthropathy. The anti-CCP antibodies showed higher speciWcity for RA compared with RF (95.4 vs. 18.2%). However, the sensitivity of anti-CCP was comparable to that of RF (83.3 vs. 90%). In conclusions, anti-CCP antibodiesare reliable laboratory markers to diVerentiate between RA and HCV-related polyarthropathy.

Aim of the study: The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of Zizyphus spina-christi leaf extract (200 mg/kg b.w.), plain and formulated in STZ-diabetic rats. Percentage yield of extracts, marker yield (christinin-A) and antihyperglycemic potencies, depending on seasonal variation were investigated. The chemical stability, study of storage conditions, shelf life T90 prediction of both plain extract and formulated soft gelatin capsules by accelerated studies were studied.

Purpose: To study the effect of aqueous propolis extract (AEP) against indomethacin (Indo)-induced gastric ulcers in irradiated and non-irradiated rats.