@article {124266, title = {Evaluation of usage three natural extracts applied to three commercial wood species against five common molds}, journal = {International Biodeterioration \& Biodegradation}, volume = {110}, year = {2016}, pages = {206e226}, abstract = {

Natural extracts have become of high interest in the past ten years for their inhibiting the growth of
molds over wood and wood products surfaces in service or during the storage of building materials. In
the present study, the antifungal effects of three natural extracts applied to three woods against five
common molds were assessed. The growth of fungal hyphae of Alternaria alternata, Fusarium subglutinans,
Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus niger, and Trichoderma viride on the surfaces of Pinus sylvestris,
Pinus rigida and Fagus sylvatica woods treated with extracts of Pinus rigida (heartwood),
Eucalyptus camaldulensis (leaves) and Costus speciosus (rhizomes) was visually estimated. GC/MS and
FTIR analyses were used to identify the chemical constituents and the functional groups of extracts. aterpineol
(24.91\%), borneol (10.95\%), terpin hydrate (9.60\%), D-fenchyl alcohol (5.99\%), and limonene
glycol (5.05\%), which are the main constituents of P. rigida heartwood methanol extract. The main
chemical compounds of methanol extract from Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves were spathulenol
(18.89\%), cryptone (5.79\%), 4,6,6-trimethyl-2-(3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)-3-oxatricyclo[5.1.0.0(2,4)]octane
(5.79\%), (3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-(E)-acetaldehyde (5.57\%), and ascaridole (4.32\%). The main
constituents identified in the distilled water extract from Costus speciosus rhizomes were meso-erythritol
(12.21\%), methyl-2-methyl-1,3-oxothiolan-2-yl-ketone (11.61\%), (all-Z)-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic
acid-methyl ester (9.74\%), diosgenin (5.07\%), 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one (4.43\%), 30
,40
,7-
trimethylquercetin (3.17\%), and digitoxin (2.77\%). Wood specimens treated at the level of 2\% concentration
of P. rigida heartwood extract observed good inhibition to the mold growth under laboratory
conditions. These findings support the potential use of natural extracts for natural wood protection
against mold infestation for surface treatment of wood. The results indicate that wood extracts may be
useful for reducing the incidence of mold on wood products, but none of the materials evaluated
completely inhibited the test fungi. These extracts may provide a useful value-added application for byproducts
of lumber production from these species.

}, author = {Mohamed Z. M. Salem and Yassin E. Zidan and Nesrin M. N. El Hadidi and Maisa M.A. Mansour and Wael A.A. Abo Elgat} }