@article {AZEEM2022128131,
	title = {Removal of potentially toxic elements from contaminated soil and water using bone char compared to plant- and bone-derived biochars: A review},
	journal = {Journal of Hazardous Materials},
	volume = {427},
	year = {2022},
	note = {n/a},
	pages = {128131},
	abstract = {<p>Conversion of hazardous waste materials to value-added products is of great interest from both agro-environmental and economic points of view. Bone char (BC) has been used for the removal of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from contaminated water, however, its potential BC for the immobilization of PTEs in contaminated water and soil compared to bone (BBC)- and plant (PBC)-derived biochars has not been reviewed yet. This review presents an elaboration for the potentials of BC for the remediation of PTEs-contaminated water and soil in comparison with PBC and BBC. This work critically reviews the preparation and characterization of BC, BBC, and PBC and their PTEs removal efficiency from water and soils. The mechanisms of PTE removal by BC, BBC, and PBC are also discussed in relation to their physicochemical characteristics. The review demonstrates the key opportunities for using bone waste as feedstock for producing BC and BBC as promising low-cost and effective materials for the remediation of PTEs-contaminated water and soils and also elucidates the possible combinations of BC and BBC aiming to effectively immobilize PTEs in water and soils.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animal and plant biomass, Contaminated soil and water, Hazardous waste materials, Pristine and engineered biochars, toxic metal(loid)s},
	issn = {0304-3894},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128131},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389421031010},
	author = {Azeem, Muhammad and Sabry M. Shaheen and Ali, Amjad and Parimala G.S.A. Jeyasundar and Latif, Abdul and Hamada Abdelrahman and Ronghua Li and Mansour Almazroui and Niazi, Nabeel Khan and Sarmah, Ajit K. and Li, Gang and J{\"o}rg Rinklebe and Yong-Guan Zhu and Zhang, Zenqqiang}
}
