Publications

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2024
Gamal, G., and P. Nejedlik, "The hydroclimate extreme indices in the northern coast of Egypt based on CMIP5 model projections", Hydroclimatic Extremes in the Middle East and North Africa Assessment, Attribution and Socioeconomic Impacts: Elsevier, 2024.
Gamal, G., "The present and future variability of the temperature extreme indices of Sudan under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios", Hydroclimatic Extremes in the Middle East and North Africa Assessment, Attribution and Socioeconomic Impacts: Elsevier, 2024.
2023
Salah, M., F. Moursy, E. Soliman, and G. Gamal, "Assessing the potential impacts of climate change on droughts in East Africa using CORDEX-CORE regional climate models’ simulations: A focus on Tanzania", Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy, vol. 53, issue 3, pp. 271-300, 2023.
Abubaira, M., M. Shahba, and G. Gamal, "Future Implications of Climate Change on Arum palaestinum Boiss: Drought Tolerance, Growth and Production", Atmosphere, vol. 14, issue 9, pp. 1-17, 2023.
Gamal, G., O. M. Abdeldayem, H. Elattar, S. Hendy, M. E. Gabr, and M. K. Mostafa, "Remote Sensing Surveillance of NO2, SO2, CO, and AOD along the Suez Canal Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Lockdown Periods and during the Blockage", Sustainability, vol. 15, issue 12, pp. 1-19, 2023.
2021
El-Tantawi, A. M., B. A. O. Anming, Y. Liu, and G. Gamal, "Assessment of Meteorological Drought in North-Western Egypt using Rainfall Deciles, Standardized Precipitation Index and Reconnaissance Drought Index", Disaster Advances Journal , vol. 14, issue 1, 2021.
El-Tantawi, A. M., B. A. O. Anming, Y. Liu, and G. Gamal, "An assessment of rainfall variability in northern Egypt", Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 14, 2021.
Mostafa, M. K., G. Gamal, and A. Wafiq, "The impact of COVID 19 on air pollution levels and other environmental indicators - A case study of Egypt.", Journal of environmental management, vol. 277, pp. 111496, 2021. Abstract

The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) not only affected health and economics, but also its effect extended to include other aspects, such as the environment. Using Egypt as a case study, this paper presents the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on air pollution levels by studying nitrogen dioxide (NO), ozone (O), particulate matter represented in absorbing aerosol index (AAI), carbon monoxide (CO), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The paper also highlights the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on other environmental indicators including environmental noise, medical and municipal solid wastes. The paper presents the Egyptian COVID-19 story from its different angles including the development of confirmed COVID-19 cases, containment measures from the government, the impact on the country's economy and the national energy consumption so as to effectively evaluate the effect on both the air pollution levels and the other studied environmental indicators. For the other environmental indicators, a strong link was observed between COVID-19 lockdown and the reduction in environmental noise, beaches, surface and groundwater pollution. For environmental noise, this has been confirmed by officially governmental announcements which reported that the level of environmental noise in Egypt was reduced by about 75% during the lockdown period. On the other hand, there are some negative effects, including an increase in medical solid waste (from 70 to 300 ton/day), municipal solid waste, as well as a less efficient solid waste recycling process. For air pollution levels, the data were obtained from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and European Space Agency satellite data sets. The data for the lockdown period in 2020 have been extracted and compared to the corresponding months in the selected baseline period (2015-2019) to identify the effect that the lockdown period had on the air pollution levels in Egypt with focus on Cairo and Alexandria governorates. It was found that the AAI decreased by about 30%, the NO decreased by 15 and 33% over Cairo and Alexandria governorates, respectively, and that the CO decreased by about 5% over both governorates. In addition, the GHG emissions in Egypt were reduced by at least 4% during the pandemic. In contrast, ozone levels increased by about 2% over Cairo and Alexandria governorates. It can be concluded that the implemented containment measures during COVID-19 pandemic had resulted in both positive and negative environmental impacts. The positive environmental impacts are not sustainable and deterioration on them is expected to occur after the lockdown as it was before the pandemic. Therefore, stricter laws must be enacted to protect the environment in Egypt.

2019
El-Beshary, D. M., S. M. Robaa, G. Gamal, and A. W. M. M. Zeinab Salah, "The Extreme Climate Indices for Benghazi-Libya from Canadian Regional Climate Model", EnvironmentAsia, vol. 12, issue 1, pp. 102-107, 2019.
MAHMOUD, D., G. Gamal, and T. A. B. O. U. E. L. SEOUD, "THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON HURGHADA CITY, EGYPT, USING TOURISM CLIMATE INDEX", GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, vol. 25, issue 3, pp. 496-508, 2019.
2018
Gendi, M. D., S. M. Robaa, G. Gamal, and A. M. M. Wahab, "Assessment of Extreme Climate Indices Over Libya and Its Relationship to Mortality ", World Journal of Environmental Biosciences, vol. 7, issue 3, pp. 67-73, 2018. assessment-of-extreme-climate-indices-over-libya-and-its-relationship-to-mortality.pdf
2017
G, G., "Future Analysis of Extreme Temperature Indices for Sinai Peninsula-Egypt", Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR), vol. 3, issue 1, pp. 1960-1966, 2017. abstract.pdf
2016
El-Motey, G. A. G., F. I. Moursy, M. A. M. Whab, A. K. Shalaby, and G. S. Al-Afandi, "Impacts of land use change and horizontal resolution in local climate by RegCM4 model", The International Conference on Regional Climate-CORDEX 2016, Sweden, 18 May, 2016. gamil_sessionb2.pdf
2015
El-Motey, G. G. A., F. I. Moursy, A. K. Shalaby, M. M. A. Wahab, and G. S. Al-Afandi, "Impact of different land surface scheme in regional climate model (RegCM4)", The 2nd International Conference on New Horizons in Basic and Applied Science, Hurghada, Egypt, 2 August, 2015. icnhbas.pdf
El-Motey, G. A. G., "Present and future extreme climate indices over Sinai Peninsula", Fall school of Statistical and mathematical tools for the study of climate extremes, France, 13 Nov, 2015. gamil_france2015.pdf
El-Motey, G. G. A., F. I. Moursy, M. M. A. Wahab, A. K. Shalaby, and G. S. Al-Afandi, Climatic effects of surface condition in regional climate model over Nile Basin, , Giza, Cairo, 2015. phd_thesis.pdf
2010
El-Motey, G. G. A., and G. S. Al-Afandi, "Future climate of Nile Basin countries", International Conference “Prospects for cooperation and integration among the Nile Basin: opportunities and challenges”, Cairo University , 25-26 May, 2010. future_climate_of_nile_basin_countries.pdf
El-Motey, G. A. G., F. I. Moursy, and G. S. Al-Afandi, Study climate change over Tropical Africa, , Giza, Cairo, 2010. msc.pdf