Eman Shawky

A major cause of economic losses among cattle breeders is calf diarrhea; bovine coccidiosis can cause a severe constriction on animal productivity and is associated with diarrhea. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical, and oxidative stress parameters in diarrhetic buffalo calves. A total number of 16 buffalo calves enrolled in this study. Calves aged between 3 and 6 months and divided into diarrhetic calves (N = 10) and healthy calves (n = 6). Clinical signs were recorded, and fecal samples were taken and examined for the presence of Eimeria oocytes. A total of 10 ml of blood was withdrawn from the jugular vein to estimate superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total protein, albumin, zinc, and copper. The most recorded signs were diarrhea and unthriftiness. Macroscopic findings showed offensive odor diarrhea. Mucous was detected in fecal samples. Significant elevation in MDA along with a significant reduction in zinc, copper, TAC, SOD, catalase, and GPx was recorded in diarrhetic calves compared to control calves. Diarrhea in calves caused by Eimeria spp. is associated with oxidative status in the form of elevated oxidative side (MDA) and severe depletion in antioxidant side (SOD, GPX, CAT, and TAC). Reduction in trace minerals was recorded and could be attributed to its role in the formation of antioxidant enzymes and their subsequent depletion.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pregnancy and lactation have an impact on health status of animals and constitute burden on body metabolites and the oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium. This study is aimed at evaluating metabolic and oxidative stress patterns and parity impacts in both primiparous and multiparous dairy cows.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven primiparous and multiparous. Holstein cows were enrolled and categorized into four groups according to their physiologic status: Primiparous peripartum heifer (n=5), primiparous postpartum cow (n=9), multiparous peripartum cows (n=5), and multiparous postpartum cows (n=8). Blood sample was taken from each animal - peripartum groups at 3 weeks prepartum and postpartum groups at 3 weeks post-parturition - for complete blood picture, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity, and haptoglobin estimation.

RESULTS: Postpartum primiparous cows showed significant decrease in glucose, total protein, and albumin while showing significant increase in MDA, NEFA, and globulin; on the other hand, multiparous postpartum cows showed significant decrease in glucose, total protein, and albumin, associated with significant increase in cholesterol and MDA when compared with prepartum PP and MP cows, respectively. Postpartum multiparous cows significantly showed reduction in NEFA when compared to primiparous postpartum cows. Hematologic profiles of postpartum primiparous and multiparous cows showed significant decrease in red blood cells and packed cell volume, significant increase in lymphocytes when compared with prepartum cows.

CONCLUSION: Metabolic and oxidative abnormalities exist in both primiparous and multiparous cows during the transition phase, however postpartum primiparous cows show higher susceptibility to negative energy balance impacts. Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance occurred in both the primiparous and multiparous postpartum cows, highlighting the importance of oxidative stress profiles in the assessment of metabolic health status during transition.

This study was performed to evaluate the hepatocyte-derived microRNA (miR)-122 as novel diagnostic biomarker in canine lymphoma. Fifteen dogs were enrolled in this study. Dogs presented at Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University. Dogs were divided into 8 clinically healthy dogs act as control and 7 clinically ill dogs. All dogs were subjected to clinical, ultrasonographic, hemato-biochemical and ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy for cytological and histopathological investigations. On the basis of these results, 7 dogs were found to be suffering from multicentric lymphoma involving liver. Serum hepatocyte-derived miRA-122 was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in all dogs. Multicentric lymphoma involving liver manifested by inappetance for several days, depression and peripheral lymphadenopathy. Hematological examination showed significant lymphocytosis. Serum biochemical analysis revealed significant increase in ALT, AST, ALP compared to control dogs. Ultrasonography revealed hypoechoic lymphoid aggregation at area of "porta hepatis" and circumscribed hypoechoic nodule interrupt liver parenchyma. Cytology revealed infiltration of liver tissue by lymphoblast cells and histopathology revealed diffuse infiltration of hepatic sinusoids and portal area by uniform population of small lymphocytes. Serum miRNA-122 analysis showed a significant increase represented as 9.00 fold in canine multicentric lymphoma involving liver. Serum hepatocyte-derived miRNA-122 is of diagnostic value, non invasive, stable and easily measurable blood biomarker for the detection of hepatocellular injury in dogs with multicentric lymphoma involving liver.