@article {167391,
	title = {Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signalling induces myeloid differentiation primary response gene (MYD) 88 independent pathway in avian species leading to type I interferon production and antiviral response.},
	journal = {Virus research},
	volume = {256},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2018 09 02},
	pages = {107-116},
	abstract = {<p>Engagement of toll-like receptor (TLR)4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with TLR4 in mammals activates two downstream intracellular signaling routes; the myeloid differentiation primary response gene (MyD)88 dependent and independent pathways. However, existence of the later pathway leading to production of type I interferons (IFNs) in avian species has been debated due to conflicting observations. The objective of our study was to investigate whether LPS induces type I IFN production in chicken macrophages leading to antiviral response attributable to type I IFN. We found that LPS elicits type I IFN response dominated by IFN-β production. We also found that reduction in infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) replication by LPS-mediated antiviral response is attributable to type I IFNs in addition to nitric oxide (NO). Our findings imply that LPS elicits both MyD88 dependent and independent pathways in chicken macrophages consequently eliciting anti-ILTV response attributable to production of both type I IFNs and NO.</p>
},
	keywords = {Animals, Chickens, Herpesvirus 1, Gallid, Interferon Type I, Lipopolysaccharides, Macrophages, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, Nitric Oxide, Signal Transduction, Toll-Like Receptor 4},
	issn = {1872-7492},
	doi = {10.1016/j.virusres.2018.08.008},
	author = {Ahmed-Hassan, Hanaa and Abdul-Cader, Mohamed Sarjoon and Maha Ahmed Sabry and Eman Hamza and Abdul-Careem, Mohamed Faizal}
}
