Dalia Mohamed

Art is the mirror of its time. It reflects the thoughts and the believes of the ancient civilizations. This thesis is titled with " Relief on The Stones in The Hittite Empire, The Assyrian Empire and Their contemporaries in Ancient Egypt : A Comparative Study " is dealing with Relief as one of the most important tools revealing the level of development of the old nations. It is divided into two volumes : The Text and The Catalogue .
The Text, consists of an introduction, three parts and the conclusion. Every part includes an introduction, two chapters and the conclusion. Every chapter consists of some items : the rock reliefs, the wall- slabs, stelae,obelisks, and seals.
The first part is titled with " The scenes of the deities". The first chapter of this part deals with Gods and Goddesses in The Hittite empire. The divine pantheon became a Hurrian completely at the end of the Hittite empire. It is depicted entirely in Yazilikaya. The chief god was the storm god Teshup and the chief goddess was his wife Hebat or the sun goddess of Arinna.
The second chapter deals with Gods and Goddesses in the Assyrian empire. The supreme god was Assur who absorbed all exploits and attributes of the Sumerian and the Babylonian gods as Enlil and Marduk. Teshup and Assur are compared with the Egyptian god Amun.
The second part is titled with " The scenes of the King". Kingship was sacred. It descended from heaven. All of the Hittite king, the Assyrian king and the Egyptian king seized both the religious and the civilian powers.
The first chapter in this part deals with the king in The Hittite empire. The second deals with the king in the Assyrian Empire. The Egyptian king was more humility before his deities than the Hittite and the Assyrian king .Whereas the Egyptian and Assyrian kings had a lot of military scenes, the Hittite king had few depictions. The Egyptian and the Hittite kings deified themselves obviously.May some Assyrian kings did the same as Assurbanipale.
The third part is titled with " The scenes of the individuals". In contrast with ancient Egypt, there was no art for individuals in the Hittite and the Assyrian empires. But we can trace it in the royal art. Finally, come the conclusions, indexes and references.
The second volume involves the figures of the deities , the kings and some individuals in the three Hittite, Assyrian and Egyptian civilizations.

The thesis of the “Composite Figures in Ancient Iraq ” deals with the fabulous creatures which appear in the art of the ancient Iraq .
The composite figure consists of some limbs of two or more creatures . These limps are The most instinctive parts in such creatures ; e.g. The human head which refers to the intelligence , the lion or bull body which refers to the physical power , and the wings of the bird which refers to the speed of flight .

The ancient Iraqi artist wanted to create perfect beings differentiate from the human beings , the animals , and the birds , but contain all the properties of these creatures.

This study divides to two parts , the text and the catalogue .
The text divides to introduction , four chapters and conclusion :

1 - The first chapter deals with : the notion of creation in ancient Iraq mythology .

2 - The second chapter deals with : the figures which consist of some parts of two different beings, e.g. the two faced god , the bull – man , the boat – man , the lion – man , the winged dragon , the winged griffin and the lion headed eagle .

3 - The third chapter deals with : the figures which consist of some parts of three different beings , e.g. Lamassu and the goddess Lamaštu .

4 - The fourth chapter deals with : the figures which consist of some parts of four different beings e.g. the god Pazuzu .