Abubakr, M., H. Hegab, T. A. Osman, F. Elharouni, H. A. Kishawy, and A. M. K. Esawi, "Carbon Nanotube–Based Nanofluids", Handbook of Carbon Nanotubes, Cham, Springer International Publishing, pp. 1 - 32, 2020, 2022. Abstract

Carbon-based nanomaterials are showing promising potential in a variety of applications. Owing to their distinctive structure, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) posses unique thermal, mechanical, and optical properties. These properties allowed MWCNTs to surpass other nanomaterials when it comes to nanofluids’ applications. They are proven to have a significant role in the overall fluid thermophysical characteristics. This role can either be in compliance with the application requirements or not. Besides, this role’s scale depends on the magnitude of the interaction between the MWCNTs and the base fluid molecules. In this chapter, the underlying mechanisms that govern these interactions are discussed, focusing on nanofluid stability, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, wettability, and rheological properties. Besides, two main applications of MWCNT-based nanofluids in metal cutting and solar energy are provided. This work aims to provide an in-depth and holistic understanding of MWCNT-based nanofluid properties and how these properties affect the nanofluid performance in different applications.

Abubakr, M., H. Hegab, T. A. Osman, F. Elharouni, H. A. Kishawy, and A. M. K. Esawi, "Carbon Nanotube–Based Nanofluids", Handbook of Carbon Nanotubes, Cham, Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–32, 2020. Abstract

Carbon-based nanomaterials are showing promising potential in a variety of applications. Owing to their distinctive structure, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) posses unique thermal, mechanical, and optical properties. These properties allowed MWCNTs to surpass other nanomaterials when it comes to nanofluids' applications. They are proven to have a significant role in the overall fluid thermophysical characteristics. This role can either be in compliance with the application requirements or not. Besides, this role's scale depends on the magnitude of the interaction between the MWCNTs and the base fluid molecules. In this chapter, the underlying mechanisms that govern these interactions are discussed, focusing on nanofluid stability, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, wettability, and rheological properties. Besides, two main applications of MWCNT-based nanofluids in metal cutting and solar energy are provided. This work aims to provide an in-depth and holistic understanding of MWCNT-based nanofluid properties and how these properties affect the nanofluid performance in different applications.

Mohamed ElShazly, M. A., T. A. E. - S. Osman, and M. Shazly, A Finite Element Analysis Verification of a Machine-Trained Mathematical Model of T-Tube Hydroforming, , vol. 3, issue 1, pp. 1 - 8, 2021. AbstractWebsite

An adaptive, heuristic, nonlinear mathematical model (AHNM) was proposed to optimize the loading path of successful tube hydroforming process through adaptive minimization of the internal pressure and axial load by using Multiple Ridge Regression (Machine learning technique). The AHNM model was implemented, solved, and optimized, and it was found that increasing the number of steps and starting with small increment enables the mathematical model to capture the non-linearity of the real model, which leads to minimizing the system requirements. In this paper Finite Element Modelling (FEM) was developed to verify and test the validity and reality of the implemented loading oaths from the AHNM model for hydroforming of T-shape tube having an elliptical protrusion. The objective function was measured, and the results of minimum thickness, and maximum protrusion height were verified. Besides, the tube was formed with a well wall thickness distribution. Consequently, it is confirmed that developing an adaptive heuristic nonlinear mathematical modelling is effective for obtaining a Loading Path for Hydroforming of a Tube Having an Elliptical Protrusion.

Dabees, S., T. Osman, and B. M. Kamel, "Mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of polyamide-6 reinforced with a combination of carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide for under-the-hood applications", Journal of Thermoplastic Composite MaterialsJournal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, vol. 36, issue 4: SAGE Publications Ltd STM, pp. 1545 - 1575, 2022. AbstractWebsite

The current study aims to explore the tensile fracture mechanism and thermo-mechanical efficiency of polyamide-6 (PA6) reinforced with titanium dioxide (TiO2) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The uniform dispersion of the MWCNTs and appreciable interfacing between PA6, TiO2, and MWCNTs were revealed in the fractography figures. The crystallization temperature and degree of crystallinity have been enhanced by the addition of nanoparticles to the PA6 matrix. Young?s modulus, tensile strength, and Charpy impact strength improved proportionally concerning reinforcement content. The essential work of fracture (EWF) method was applied to evaluate the toughening and fracture behavior of PA6 hybrid systems. Considerable improvement (+60.6%) in the EWF of PA6?TiO2?MWCNT nanocomposites was observed at 4 wt.% CNT and 2 wt.% TiO2. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) findings demonstrate that a polymer with a combination containing titanium dioxide and multiwalled carbon nanotubes has a highly substantial retardant influence. As a result, the TiO2?CNT combination acts as a synergist filler, offering versatile PA6 composite products.

Salama, A., B. M. Kamel, T. A. Osman, and R. M. Rashad, Investigation of mechanical properties of UHMWPE composites reinforced with HAP+TiO2 fabricated by solvent dispersing technique, , vol. 21, pp. 4330 - 4343, 2022. AbstractWebsite

This work seeks to contribute to solving the problems of inadequate artificial joint design from the mechanical perspective in total joint replacement (TJR) surgery. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/hydroxyapatite (HAP) + titanium dioxide (TiO2) hybrid composites were fabricated and tested for use as artificial cartilages in the total joint prosthesis. Different amounts of TiO2 (1–10 wt%) and fixed amount of HAP (20 wt%) were dispersed in UHMWPE-based nanocomposites due to obtaining a material easy to be processed, inexpensive, with remarkable mechanical properties, and good cells interaction. The UHMWPE/HAP + TiO2 composites were prepared by using the solvent dispersing technique and twin-screw mixer, followed by hot compression molding, then mechanical testing was performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are used to study the effect of the additives and the dispersion quality of the composites. The solvent dispersing technique shows better dispersion of the additives in the polymer matrix. The composites show an increase in Young's modulus, hardness, and flexural strength, by 71%, 33%, and 95% respectively concerning neat UHMWPE. The composite contains 3 wt% TiO2 showing the best enhancement percentage.

Abd Elnabi, M. M., A. Elmokadem, and T. Osman, Optimization of process parameters for friction stir welding of dissimilar aluminum alloys using different Taguchi arrays, , vol. 121, issue 5, pp. 3935 - 3964, 2022. AbstractWebsite

A statistical optimization based on experimental work was conducted to consider ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation of dissimilar joints between AA5454 and AA7075 by friction stir weld (FSW). The goal of this work is to develop a comparative study of the optimization of FSW parameters using different orthogonal arrays, i.e., L12 and L16. Four parameters correlated to softening and forging requirements (rotational speed, traverse speed, tilt angle, and plunge depth), one parameter associated with the location of base metal in the dissimilar joint, and two parameters related to an FSW tool (pin profile and Dshoulder/dpin ratio) were considered and arranged in the employed arrays. Moreover, the investigation explored the microstructure and fractography of dissimilar joints and base metals by using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The results showed that the L16OA is more accurate than L12OA for the optimization of seven parameters due to the small statistical errors. For UTS, the errors range from 0.78 to 24% for L16OA and from 27.23 to 44.14% for L12OA. For elongation, the errors run from 11 to 12.9% for L16OA and from 33.77 to 49.73% for L12OA. The accuracies of generated models range from 50 to 99.5% for L16OA and range from 30.7 to 94.9% for L12OA. Tightening the levels (narrow domain) is the main reason for switching some optimum levels between both arrays. The highest UTS obtained is 221 MPa based on the optimum levels attained from L16OA, and the highest elongation is 12.83% according to the optimum levels acquired from L12OA. Despite the deficiency of effective intermixing, the study revealed that FSW acceptably could assemble joints between AA5454 and AA7075, presenting the proficiency of FSW with welding dissimilar aluminum alloys.

Ammar, M. M., T. Elnady, T. Osman, and W. El-Sallamy, "ACOUSTIC MODELING OF SPARK ARRESTOR FOR DIESEL ENGINES", ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 16, issue 3, pp. 312-319, 2021. acoustic_modeling_of_spark_arrestor_for_diesel_engines.pdf
Abubakr, M., T. A. Osman, H. A. Kishawy, F. Elharouni, H. Hegab, and A. M. K. Esawi, "Preparation, characterization, and analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotube-based nanofluid: an aggregate based interpretation ", RSC Advances, vol. 11, issue 41, pp. 25561-25574, 2021. preparation_characterization_and_analysis_of_multi-walled_carbon_nanotube-based_nanofluid.pdf
Ahmed, M., "Effect of MWCNTs/Talc powder nanoparticles on the tribological and thermal conductivity performance of calcium grease", Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. ahead-of-print, issue ahead-of-print, 2019/01/01, 2020. Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of nanoparticles as an additive on the tribological properties of calcium grease.Design/methodology/approach The nano additives in this research are with different concentration of multi carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Talc powder (1, 2, 3, 3 and 5 per cent). The ratio of MWCNTs to Talc powder is 1:1. The tribological properties of hyper MWCNTs/Talc powder to calcium grease were evaluated using a pin-on-disk wear testing. The results show that the nano additives MWCNTs/Talc to calcium grease exhibit good performance in anti-wear and friction reduction. The action mechanism was estimated through analysis of the worm surface with x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope.Findings The result indicates that boundary film mainly composed of MWCNT and Talc powder, and other organic compound was formed on the worm surface during the friction test. In addition, the wear rate and coefficient of friction of nanogreases have shown excellent improvement about 80.62 and 63.44 per cent, respectively, at 4 Wt.% of MWCNTs/Talc powder. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of nanogrease increased about 51.72 per cent.Originality/value This study describes the inexpensive and simple fabrication of nanogrease for improving properties of lubricants, which improve power efficiency and extend lifetimes of mechanical equipment.

Ali, M., A. Khalil, and T. A. Osman, Enhanced mechanical and tribological properties of polyamide using carbon nanotube, , vol. 106, issue 1, pp. 243 - 252, 2020. AbstractWebsite

The present work deals with the development of nanocomposite materials to increase the mechanical and wear properties by introducing multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) fillers into the polymer matrices. In the present study, MWCNTs with 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 wt% loading was mixed with PA11 pellets by using a melt mixing technique to create a family of PA11/MWCNT composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were utilized to determine the characterization of MWCNTs and the degree of dispersion of MWCNTs in the PA11. Tensile, flexural, and hardness tests have been performed in order to measure the mechanical properties such as tensile modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at fracture. The creep and creep recovery were studied using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The wear behavior was investigated by using a pin-on-disk wear tester under dry sliding condition at different normal loads. The result shows that the tensile modulus and flexural modulus for PA11/MWCNT 0.5 wt% increase by 20% and 34.8%, respectively. In addition, the creep strain is increased with temperature and decreased with the MWCNT fillers which indicates an enhanced performance at short time scales. Furthermore, the wear rate for PA11/MWCNT 0.5 wt% decrease by 44% at 10 N and 22% at 5 N. Therefore, the incorporation of MWCNT fillers with PA11 has significantly enhanced the mechanical and tribological properties. Different applications in many fields can be benefited by these results as the worldwide trend is to replace steel with a reinforced polymer.

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