Ezzat, B. A., and M. M. S. Abbass, "The ability of H1 or H2 receptor antagonists or their combination in counteracting the glucocorticoid-induced alveolar bone loss in rats.", Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology, vol. 43, issue 2, pp. 148-56, 2014 Feb. Abstract

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to compare between three possible osteoporotic treatments in prevention of glucocorticoid-induced alveolar bone loss.

METHODS: Fifty adult female Wistar rats with an average weight 150-200 g were randomized into five groups: group I (control) was intraperitoneally injected with saline. The other experimental groups (II & III, IV & V) were intraperitoneally injected with 200 µg/100 g body weight dexamethasone. The experimental groups III, IV and V received intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg/day pheniramine maleate (H1 receptor antagonist), ranitidine hydrochloride (H2 receptor antagonist) and concomitant doses of both H1 & H2 receptor antagonists respectively. After 30 days, the rats have been sacrificed. The mandibles were examined histologically, histochemically and histomorphometrically. The bone mineral density was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

RESULTS: Histopathologically the glucocorticoid group showed wide medullary cavities with wide osteocytic lacunae. These marrow cavities were reduced in the prophylactic groups (III, IV) but increased in group V. Bone histomorphometric analysis revealed improvement in static bone parameters in groups III and IV and deterioration in group V in comparison to group II. The DEXA revealed significant reduction in the bone mineral density in all experimental groups compared to the control group.

CONCLUSIONS: In a rat model, the administration of H1 or H2 receptor antagonists separately could minimize the alveolar bone loss caused by the administration of glucocorticoids while concomitant administration of both H1 and H2 receptor antagonists deteriorated the bone condition.

Korany, N. S., and B. A. Ezzat, "Prophylactic effect of green tea and Nigella sativa extracts against fenitrothion-induced toxicity in rat parotid gland", Archives of Oral Biology, vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 1339 - 1346, 2011. AbstractWebsite

Objective The aim of the present study was to compare between two antioxidant treatments in prevention of fenitrothion induced toxicity on rat parotid salivary gland. Design Forty adult male Wistar rats with an average weight of 120–150 g were randomised into 4 groups, control (group I), fenitrothion administration (group II), fenitrothion administration 1 h after green tea extract or Nigella sativa oil extract administration (groups İII\} and İV\} respectively). The rats were then sacrificed after 28 days. The submandibular salivary glands were examined histologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Results Histopathologically the fenitrothion group showed sign of acini degeneration represented by loss of normal architecture (amalgamation). The nuclei of the acinar cells revealed different sizes and shape (polymorphism). The acini relatively preserved their shape in both prophylactic groups (III and IV). Histomorphometric analysis showed significant increase in the optical density of caspase-3 cleaved activity in all experimental groups (p = 0.0001). A significant difference was observed between both prophylactic experimental groups İII\} and İV\} (p = 0.0039). Ultrastructurally, the nuclei of serous acini in group İI\} appeared pyknotic with segregation of chromatin. Condensation of the chromatin at the periphery of the nucleus was observed in the nuclei of group III, Clumping of the chromatin with darkly stained pyknotic nucleus was detected in group IV. Conclusions In a rat model the administration of natural antioxidants could be of beneficial effect on prevention of cytotoxicity induced by organophosphorous compounds. However, green tea showed more promising results than that of Nigella sativa.

Ezzat, B. A., "Validity of prevention of glucocorticoid-induced alveolar bone loss in rat by either calcitonin or alendronate administration", Archives of Oral Biology, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 788 - 796, 2010. AbstractWebsite

Objective The aim of the present study was to compare between two osteoporotic treatments in prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Design Forty adult male Wistar rats with an average weight of 150–200 g were randomized into 4 groups, control, glucocorticoid administration, glucocorticoid administration with concomitant administration of calcitonin or alendronate. After 60 days, the rats were sacrificed. The mandibles were examined histologically, histomorphometrically, radiographically and ultrastructurally. Results Histopathologically the glucocorticoid group showed irregular bone trabeculae with wide and abundant medullary cavities. These marrow cavities were reduced in the other prophylactic groups (III and IV). Histomorphometric analysis showed significant reduction in area percentage of alveolar bone trabeculae in glucocorticoid group (p = 0.0025), while group İV\} showed significant increase in the area percentage of bone compared to the group I (p = 0.0003). Radiographic analysis showed significant decrease in the alveolar bone density of group İI\} at line 1 when compared to group I (p = 0.0009). Moreover, significant reduction in bone density was detected in both groups İI\} and İII\} at line 2 when compared to the group I (p = 0.007, 0.0273). Ultrastructurally, disorganized wide osteocyte lacunae and Haversian canals were observed in group II. However, group İV\} showed almost complete obliteration of Haversian canals as well as osteocytic lacunae. Conclusions In a rat model the administration of anti-osteoporotic drugs prevents the bone loss caused by the administration of glucocorticoids.

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