ayman salim

Abstract:
Previous research indicates that there is a lack of visual processing skills in children with autism spectrum disorder, and the current research aims to verify the effectiveness of a programme based on some central cohesion tasks in developing visual processing skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. The sample consisted of 10 children at the Fort-T Rehabilitation Centre, in age from 8 to 10 years old, the level of autism disorder (55-70) on the Gilliam scale-3, divided into two equivalent groups of experimental and control. The tools of the study consisted of the Stanford Binet Scale-Image 5, the Gilliam-3 Scale, the Visual Processing Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and a programme based on central cohesion tasks.The results indicated statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) Between the means rank of the experimental group in the pre and posttest for visual processing in favour posttest, and statistically significant differences at the level (0.01) between the means rank of two groups at posttest in favour of experimental group, its reflecting the effectiveness of the programme in improving visual treatment in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Abstract:
Previous research indicates that there is a lack of Auditory processing skills in children with Intellectual Disability, and the research aims to verify the effectiveness of a programme based on social stories in developing Auditory processing in children with mild Intellectual Disability. The sample consisted of 10 children at the Kids Rehabilitation Centre, in age from (8 -10) years old, the level of IQ (70-55) on Stanford Binet scale, divided into two equivalent groups of experimental and control. The tools of the study consisted of the Stanford Binet Scale-version 5, the Adaptive Behavior Scale, the Auditory Processing Scale for Children with Intellectual Disability, and a programme based on social stories. The results indicated statistically significant differences at the level (0.01) Between the means rank of the experimental group in the pre and posttest for Auditory processing in favour posttest, and statistically significant differences at the level (0.01) between the means rank of two groups at posttest in favour of experimental group, its reflecting the effectiveness of the programme in improving Auditory Processing in children with Intellectual Disability.

The current research aims to calculate the psychometric characteristics of the arc's self-determination scale (arc's SDS; wehmeyer & kelchner, 1995) for adolescents with intellectual disability and with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Egyptian environment. The sample consisted of 300 adolescents (150 with intellectual disabilities & 150 with Autism Spectrum Disorder),their ages ranged between 10-19 years from the public schools and private centers in the governorates of Cairo, Beni suef and Qalioubia to calculate the psychometric characteristics of the self-determination scale. The results revealed the validity of the scaleas evidence of the validity and reliability of the self-determination scale - modified Egyptian version (arc’s SDS–e) with the research groups; Adolescents with Intellectual disability and with Autism Spectrum Disorder

the current research aims to identify the differences in self-determination and its dimensions (independence, self-regulation, psychological empowerment, self-realization) among Adolescents with Intellectual Disability and with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The sample consisted of 190 students (95 with Intellectual Disability, 95 with Autism Disorder) were divided into two equal groups to identify differences in self-determination. the Egyptian version of the self-determination scale (ARC'S SDS-E) was used. The results revealed the availability of self-determination at a moderate level among people with Intellectual Disability and a low level of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Also, the results indicated that there are statistically significant differences in the total score and sub-dimensions of self-determination according to the type of disability in the total sample in favor of adolescents with intellectual disability. and there are statistically significant differences according to severity of disability and score of IQ in the overall score of self-determination, respectively, in favor of adolescents with simple intellectual disability, high-functioning autism disorder, moderate intellectual disability, low-functioning autism disorder, except the dimensions of self-regulation and self-realization were respectively for intellectual disability, and then autism disorder. according to the gender variable, there were statistically significant differences in the total score and sub-dimensions of self-determination within intellectual disability in favor of males and for females with autism disorder. according to the chronological age there were statistically significant differences in favor of the elderly in the total and sub-dimensions, respectively, of late adolescence with intellectual disability, late adolescence with autism spectrum disorder, early adolescence with intellectual disability, and early adolescence with autism spectrum disorder.

The current research aimed to review and update the socio-economic- cultural level scale of the Egyptian family in light of the current changes. the descriptive approach was used. the study sample (701) family varied between the urban governorates (rural and city) in upper Egypt (Luxor - Sohag - Assiut - Minia - Beni Suef) and the lower Egypt (Cairo - Qalubia - Dakahlia - Kafr El Sheikh - Sharqia - Port Said). the results identified the most important variables in determining the socio-economic -cultural level of the Egyptian family, namely educational qualifications, occupational / vocational position, living income of both parents and their life style. the search also found a predictive equation that suits the current socio-economic and cultural level of the Egyptian family, also showed that the distribution of the current research sample does not follow the average distribution on the socio-economic cultural level of the Egyptian family (research sample).

this research aimed to verify the effectiveness of a training program in developing the practice of Social problem solving method In improving Social Interaction among adolescents with mild intellectual disability. The study sample consisted of (10) adolescents divided equally into two groups, experimental and control groups from the school of intellectual education in Beni Suef for 2016-2017 academic year. The ages ranged between (13-16) years, their scores of intelligence ranged between (50 - 68). The research used Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale (4th Edition), Vineland Adaptive Behavior scale, Socio-Economic level scale, Problem Solving method scale, and the Training Program. The results revealed that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in Social problem solving method, and Social Interaction in favor of experimental group. this indicates the effectiveness of the training program in developing problem solving style and improving the level of social interaction among adolescents with mild intellectual disability.

The current research aimed to identify the differential diagnostic performance on the scale of behavioral disorders among children with autism and their peers with intellectual disability. The research sample consisted of 20 children of Saudi children, they were divided into two equal groups: the first group consisted of children with Autism Disorder with low functional performance, and the second consisted of children with intellectual disability from Ibn Jubair and Abdullah bin Abbas primary schools in Arar's northern border region, for the academic year 1434/1435 AH , 2013/2014 AD. their age ranged between 6 to 12 years, and their scores of intelligence ranged between (50 to 70). The study used Goddard scale, Stanford Binet intelligence scale (4th Edition) , Vineland Adaptive Behavior scale, an Autistic child scale, socio-economic level scale, and Behavioral Disorders scale. The results revealed that the aggressive behavior rate among children with mild intellectual disability was higher than their peers with autism, while the results showed that the rate of stereotyped behavior, self- injury, and hyperactivity , attention deficit disorders among children with autism were higher than their peers with intellectual disability.

The current research aimed to verify the effectiveness of a training program in developing the decision-making skill among people with mild intellectual disability. The research sample consisted of (10) adult males divided equally into two groups: experimental group and control group from the School of Intellectual Education in Nasser city in Beni Suef governorate , for the 2015/2016 academic year. their ages ranged between (14 to 17) years, their scores of intelligence ranged between (50 to 68). The research used Stanford-Binet intelligence scale (4th Edition), Vineland Adaptive Behavior scale, socio-economic level Scale, decision-making Scale, and the training program. The results revealed that There are statistically significant differences between means of scores of the experimental and control groups in the post test of decision-making skill in the favor of the of experimental group, and this indicates the effectiveness of the training program in the development of decision-making among adults with mild intellectual disability.

The current research aimed to reveal the nature of attitudes of workers in Education toward children with Autism Disorder, and effect of number of variables on these trends . The sample consisted of (9) teamwork who work with children with Autism Disorder in Ibn Jubair primary school in Arar city in the northern border region of Saudi Arabia for the academic year 1435/1436 AH, 2014/2015. The research used interview with open questions (prepared by researcher). The results revealed positive trends in general among workers towards children with Autism Disorder and there are no statistically significant differences in the attitudes of workers due to the variables of academic qualification, years of experience, type of work and age.