Elmatrawy, O. M., M. A. Hassan, S. M. Morsy, R. J. M. Rubio, and A. A. El-Badry, "Molecular diagnosis of Cryptosporidium spp. versus microscopy in diarrheic patients in Cairo", J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. (JESP), vol. 47, issue 2, pp. 303-308, 2017.
Khater, M. M., S. H. EL-SAYED, H. A. S. Yousof, S. S. Mahmoud, N. El-Dib, and A. A. El-Badry, "Anti-Cryptosporidium efficacy of Olea europaea and Actinidia deliciosa in a neonatal mouse model", Kasr Al-Ainy Medical Journal, vol. 23, issue 2, pp. 32-37, 2017.
El-Badry, A. A., M. A. Ghieth, D. A. Ahmed, and M. a Ismail, "Giardia intestinalis and helicobacter pylori co-infection: estimated risks and predictive factors in Egypt", J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. (JESP), vol. 47, issue 1, pp. 19-24, 2017.
Abdel-Shafi, I. R., E. Y. Shoeib, S. S. Attia, J. M. Rubio, Y. Edmardash, and A. A. El-Badry, "Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis of Wuchereria bancrofti from human blood samples in Egypt", Parasitol Res., vol. 116, issue 3, pp. 963–970, 2017.
Ghieth, M. A., M. A. Kotb, E. Y. Abu-Sarea, and A. A. El-Badry, "Molecular detection of Giardiasis among children at Cairo University Pediatrics Hospitals", J Parasit Dis. , vol. 40, issue 4, pp. 1470-1474 , 2016.
Ghieth, M. A., A. A. El-Badry, E. Y. Abu-Sarea, A. S. S. Gawad, and M. M. Elsharkawy, "Genotypic analysis of Giardia duodenalis in children at Egypt", Comp. Clin. Pathol. , vol. 25, issue 6, pp. 1241-1246, 2016.
Abdelrazek, N. M., A. S. A. Al-Antably, M.M.Fathy, and A. A. El-Badry, "copro-molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. and genotypes among children", J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. (JESP), vol. 46, issue 2, pp. 385-396., 2016.
El-Badry, A. A., H. El-Dwibe, M. M. A. Basyoni, A. S. A. Al-Antably, and W. A. Al-Bashier, "Molecular prevalence and estimated risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Libya.", Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi, vol. 50, issue 6, pp. 805-810, 2016 Jan 12, 2017. Abstract

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Cutanoeus leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic disease in the Mediterranean area including Libya. The aim of the present study is to detect the prevalent Leishmania species obtained from smeared cutaneous lesions in addition to studying the diverse sociodemographic risk factors of the reported cases from different provinces of Libya.

METHODS: A total of 250 archived microscopic slides from clinically suspected cases of CL attending the leishmaniasis clinic in the Dermatology Department, Tripoli Central Hospital, Tripoli, Libya, were microscopically examined. Leishmania-DNA was amplified using combined polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting kinetoplast-DNA (kDNA) and ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)-DNA with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for direct Leishmania species identification.

RESULTS: Using kDNA and ITS1-PCR, 22.5% and 20% of cases were positive, respectively. Only 14.4% of cases were positive using microscopy. Nominating ITS1-PCR as the reference standard, kDNA-PCR assay was highly sensitive while microscopy was 100% specific but of limited sensitivity (72%) with a substantial agreement and an overall accuracy of 94.4%. Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica were the predominant species reported from the north-western provinces including Tripoli, Zintan, and Gharyan with their related subprovinces; Asabaa, Mizdan, Alkawasem, and Alorban. CL prevailed more among men and residents of rural areas. House wives and students were the most affected professions. Children were the least affected, while the middle-aged were the most affected age group.

CONCLUSION: L. major and L. tropica are the predominant species in the north-western regions of Libya. ITS1-PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay offered a sensitive, specific, and faster diagnostic method especially with negative parasitologic examination.

Fathy, M. M., N. M. Abdelrazek, F. A. Hassan, and A. A. El-Badry, "Molecular Copro-Prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Egyptian Children and Evaluation of Three Diagnostic Methods", INDIAN PEDIATRICS., vol. 51, issue 9, pp. 727-729, 2014.
Ismail, M. A. M., D. M. H. El-Akkad, E. M. A. Rizk, H. M. El-Askary, and A. A. El-Badry, "Molecular seasonality of Giardia lamblia in a cohort of Egyptian children: a circannual pattern.", Parasitology research, vol. 115, issue 11, pp. 4221–4227, 2016 Jul 23. Abstract

Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) is the most worldwide prevailing intestinal parasite, notorious for its broad range of seasonal and age-related prevalence. The potentially lethal nature of giardiasis makes it essential that the seasonality, the groups at risk, and other potential risk factors are identified. The present molecular epidemiological study was designed to determine the genetic diversity of G. lamblia infection, taking into account seasonal peaks, age distribution, and associated symptoms in a cohort of Egyptian diarrheic patients. Stool samples were collected from 1187 diarrheic patients attending outpatient clinics of Cairo University hospitals, of all age groups over a 12-month period. The patients were examined microscopically for fecal G. lamblia cysts, and/or trophozoites, and for copro-DNA detection using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assays targeting beta giardin gene. PCR-positive samples were characterized molecularly by nPCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to determine Giardia assemblages. The findings revealed circannual prevalence of Giardia, with a seasonal pattern peaking in mid-summer and late winter, with the summer peak preceded by a peak in temperature. Infection was prevailing in 224 (18.9 %) cases, mainly assemblage B (81.2 %) followed by assemblage A (18.8 %). There were statistically significant associations between the detection of Giardia and flatulence, persistent diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, while gender and intermittent diarrhea showed no association. The pre-school age group was the most vulnerable. This is the first study of molecular characterization of Giardia to determine its circannual prevalence in Egypt, a finding which carries promising potential for the diagnosis, treatment, and elimination of the disease.