Aboul Ella Hassanien (Abo)

In this paper, an improved segmentation approach for abdominal CT liver tumor based on neutrosophic sets (NS), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and fast fuzzy C-mean algorithm (FFCM) is proposed. To increase the contrast of the CT liver image, the intensity values and high frequencies of the original images were removed and adjusted firstly using median filter approach. It is followed by transforming the abdominal CT image to NS domain, which is described using three subsets namely; percentage of truth T, percentage of falsity F, and percentage of indeterminacy I. The entropy is used to evaluate indeterminacy in NS domain. Then, the NS image is passed to optimized FFCM using PSO to enhance, optimize clusters results and segment liver from abdominal CT. Then, these segmented livers passed to PSOFCM technique to cluster and segment tumors. The experimental results obtained based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique, Jaccard Index and Dice Coefficient measures show that, the overall accuracy offered by neutrosophic sets is accurate, less time consuming and less sensitive to noise and performs well on non-uniform CT images.

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is one of the well-known classifiers. SVM parameters such as kernel parameters and penalty parameter (C) significantly influence the classification accuracy. In this paper, a novel Chaotic Antlion Optimization (CALO) algorithm has been proposed to optimize the parameters of SVM classifier, so that the classification error can be reduced. To evaluate the proposed algorithm (CALO-SVM), the experiment adopted six standard datasets which are obtained from UCI machine learning data repository. For verification, the results of the CALO-SVM algorithm are compared with grid search, which is a conventional method of searching parameter values, standard Ant Lion Optimization (ALO) SVM, and three well-known optimization algorithms: Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Social Emotional Optimization Algorithm (SEOA). The experimental results proved that the proposed algorithm is capable of finding the optimal values of the SVM parameters and avoids the local optima problem. The results also demonstrated lower classification error rates compared with GA, PSO, and SEOA algorithms.

Measuring toxicity is an important step in drug development. Nevertheless, the current experimental methods used to estimate the drug toxicity are expensive and time-consuming, indicating that they are not suitable for large-scale evaluation of drug toxicity in the early stage of drug development. Hence, there is a high demand to develop computational models that can predict the drug toxicity risks. In this study, we used a dataset that consists of 553 drugs that biotransformed in liver. The toxic effects were calculated for the current data, namely, mutagenic, tumorigenic, irritant and reproductive effect. Each drug is represented by 31 chemical descriptors (features). The proposed model consists of three phases. In the first phase, the most discriminative subset of features is selected using rough set-based methods to reduce the classification time while improving the classification performance. In the second phase, different sampling methods such as Random Under-Sampling, Random Over-Sampling and Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), BorderLine SMOTE and Safe Level SMOTE are used to solve the problem of imbalanced dataset. In the third phase, the Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier is used to classify an unknown drug into toxic or non-toxic. SVM parameters such as the penalty parameter and kernel parameter have a great impact on the classification accuracy of the model. In this paper, Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) has been proposed to optimize the parameters of SVM, so that the classification error can be reduced. The experimental results proved that the proposed model achieved high sensitivity to all toxic effects. Overall, the high sensitivity of the WOA + SVM model indicates that it could be used for the prediction of drug toxicity in the early stage of drug development.

The increasing growth of the world trade and growing con-
cerns of food safety by consumers need a cutting-edge animal identi-
cation and traceability systems as the simple recording and reading
of tags-based systems are only eective in eradication programs of na-
tional disease. Animal biometric-based solutions, e.g. muzzle imaging
system, oer an eective and secure, and rapid method of addressing
the requirements of animal identication and traceability systems. In
this paper, we propose a robust and fast cattle identication approach.
This approach makes use of Local Binary Pattern (LBP) to extract local
invariant features from muzzle print images. We also applied dierent
classiers including Nearest Neighbor, Naive Bayes, SVM and KNN for
cattle identication. The experimental results showed that our approach
is superior than existed works as ours achieves 99,5% identication accu-
racy. In addition, the results proved that our proposed method achieved
this high accuracy even if the testing images are rotated in various angels
or occluded with dierent parts of their sizes.

Medical image enhancement is an essential process for superior disease diagnosis as well as for
detection of pathological lesion accurately. Computed Tomography (CT) is considered a vital medical
imaging modality to evaluate numerous diseases such as tumors and vascular lesions. However,
speckle noise corrupts the CT images and makes the clinical data analysis ambiguous.
Therefore, for accurate diagnosis, medical image enhancement is a must for noise removal and
sharp/clear images. In this work, a medical image enhancement algorithm has been proposed using
log transform in an optimization framework. In order to achieve optimization, a well-known
meta-heuristic algorithm, namely: Cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is used to determine the optimal
parameter settings for log transform. The performance of the proposed technique is studied on a
low contrast CT image dataset. Besides this, the results clearly show that the CS based approach
has superior convergence and fitness values compared to PSO as the CS converge faster that
proves the efficacy of the CS based technique. Finally, Image Quality Analysis (IQA) justifies the robustness >
of the proposed enhancement technique.