Aboul Ella Hassanien (Abo)

The thyroid, an endocrine gland that secretes hormones in the blood, circulates its products to all tissues of the body, where they control vital functions in every cell. Normal levels of thyroid hormone help the brain, heart, intestines, muscles and reproductive system function normally. Thyroid hormones control the metabolism of the body. Abnormalities of thyroid function are usually related to production of too little thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism) or production of too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism). Therefore, the correct diagnosis of these diseases is very important topic. In this study, Linguistic Hedges Neural-Fuzzy Classifier with Selected Features (LHNFCSF) is presented for diagnosis of thyroid diseases. The performance evaluation of this system is estimated by using classification accuracy and k-fold cross-validation. The results indicated that the classification accuracy without feature selection was 98.6047% and 97.6744% during training and testing phases, respectively with RMSE of 0.02335. After applying feature selection algorithm, LHNFCSF achieved 100% for all cluster sizes during training phase. However, in the testing phase LHNFCSF achieved 88.3721% using one cluster for each class, 90.6977% using two clusters, 91.8605% using three clusters and 97.6744% using four clusters for each class and 12 fuzzy rules. The obtained classification accuracy was very promising with regard to the other classification applications in literature for this problem.

Apoptosis is an imperative constituent of various processes including proper
progression and functioning of the immune system, embryonic development as well
as chemical-induced cell death. Improper apoptosis is a reason in numerous human/
animal’s conditions involving ischemic damage, neurodegenerative diseases,
autoimmune disorders and various types of cancer. An outstanding feature of
neurodegenerative diseases is the loss of specific neuronal populations. Thus, the
detection of the dead cells is a necessity. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to
achieve the dead cells detection based on color intensity and contrast changes and
aims for fully automatic apoptosis detection based on image analysis method. A
stained cultures images using Caspase stain of albino rats hippocampus specimens
using light microscope (total 21 images) were used to evaluate the system
performance. The results proved that the proposed system is efficient as it achieved
high accuracy (98.89 ± 0.76 %) and specificity (99.36 ± 0.63 %) and good mean
sensitivity level of (72.34 ± 19.85 %).

Medical image enhancement is an essential process for superior disease diagnosis as well as for
detection of pathological lesion accurately. Computed Tomography (CT) is considered a vital medical
imaging modality to evaluate numerous diseases such as tumors and vascular lesions. However,
speckle noise corrupts the CT images and makes the clinical data analysis ambiguous.
Therefore, for accurate diagnosis, medical image enhancement is a must for noise removal and
sharp/clear images. In this work, a medical image enhancement algorithm has been proposed using
log transform in an optimization framework. In order to achieve optimization, a well-known
meta-heuristic algorithm, namely: Cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is used to determine the optimal
parameter settings for log transform. The performance of the proposed technique is studied on a
low contrast CT image dataset. Besides this, the results clearly show that the CS based approach
has superior convergence and fitness values compared to PSO as the CS converge faster that
proves the efficacy of the CS based technique. Finally, Image Quality Analysis (IQA) justifies the robustness >
of the proposed enhancement technique.

This article introduces a hybrid approach that combines the advantages of fuzzy sets, pulse coupled neural networks (PCNNs), and support vector machine, in conjunction with wavelet-based feature extraction. An application of breast cancer MRI imaging has been chosen and hybridization approach has been applied to see their ability and accuracy to classify the breast cancer images into two outcomes: normal or non-normal. The introduced approach starts with an algorithm based on type-II fuzzy sets to enhance the contrast of the input images. This is followed by performing PCNN-based segmentation algorithm in order to identify the region of interest and to detect the boundary of the breast pattern. Then, wavelet-based features are extracted and normalized. Finally, a support vector machine classifier was employed to evaluate the ability of the lesion descriptors for discrimination of different regions of interest to determine whether they represent cancer or not. To evaluate the performance of presented approach, we present tests on different breast MRI images. The experimental results obtained, show that the overall accuracy offered by the employed machine learning techniques is high compared with other machine learning techniques including decision trees, rough sets, neural networks, and fuzzy artmap.