Ashraf Abu-Seida

Background: Mechanical Low Back Pain (MLBP) is a major cause of illness and disability, especially in people of working age. Aim of Study: The study was conducted to compare be-tween the effect of aquatic exercise and land-based exercises on pain level, functional disability and lumbar Range of Motion (ROM) in subjects with Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain (CMLBP). Material and Methods: Sixty patients with chronic me-chanical low back pain of both gender participated in the study: 17 male and 43 female between 25 and 40 years old. They were divided randomly and equally into two groups: A study group (A), in which patients received land based exercise program; and study group (B), in which patients received aquatic exercise program. Both groups received the treatment program for 50min, three times per week, for one month assessment of patients in each group for pain level, functional disability and lumbar range of motion before and after treatment. Results: There were statistically significant differences in all outcome measures in favor of the water exercises group (p < 0.001). In land exercise group, there were statistically significant differences regarding pain intensity, oswestry disability index, and lumbar flexion (p < 0.0001), except for extension, right and left side bending range of motion outcomes (p>0.05). However, there were statistically significant differ-ences regarding all outcome measure in water exercise group (p < 0.0001) when comparing the pre-treatment with post-treatment results. Conclusion: Aquatic therapy is effective in decreasing pain severity, level of functional disability and improved lumbar range of motion in patient with chronic mechanical low back pain than land-based exercise.
Keywords
Low back pain; Range of motion; Disability; Hydrotherapy; Exercise

Objective: To investigate cryolipolysis versus ultrasound cavitation radiofrequency on hunger level, waist-hip
ratio, skin fold, body weight, subcutaneous fat and visceral fat thickness in adolescent with abdominal obesity.
Material and Methods:
Sixty adolescent central obese whose age ranged from 13 to 16 years were allocated randomly into 3 groups. Each of them was 20 participants. Subjects in study group (A) underwent cavitation radiofrequency plus dietary regimen, subjects in the second study group (B) underwent cryolipolysis in conjunction with the same diet program, and subjects in control group (C) received the same diet program only. Patients in all groups were evaluated on height, weight, skinfold, waist-hip ratio, hunger level and MRI were carried out shortly before to the start of the intervention techniques and again two months afterwards.
Results: After two months of intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in BMI, weight, or visceral adipose tissue (VAT) between groups. However, there was a significant difference between the three groups in Suprailiac skin fold, waist-hip ratio, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and hunger level (P= 0.001) with the Cavitation and radiofrequency group (A) showing better reduction than the Cryolipolysis group (B) and the Cryolipolysis group was better than the diet group (C).
Conclusion:
Cavitation radiofrequency have a favorable effect compared to Cryolipolysis on reduction of skin folds, waist- hip ratio, subcutaneous adipose tissue and hunger level. However, there is no difference between groups on BMI, body weight and VAT.
KEYWORDS: Cryolipolysis, Adolescent Central obesity, Cavitation Radiofrequency, subcutaneous fat,
hunger level.

Open Chain Segmental Control, Closed Chain Segmental Control, Spinopelvic Angles, Asymptomatic Subjects. Purpose: This study aimed to measure of spinopelvic angles after application of open chain segmental control exercises versus closed chain segmental control exercises, pre and post application. Method: Twenty eight participants were randomly divided into two groups, groups A and B. Group A (n=15) received open chain segmental control exercises for four weeks. Group B (n=13) received closed chain segmental control exercises for four weeks. X-Ray and Corel draw software were used to evaluate participants' pelvic angles, pre and post-treatment. Methods: spinopelvic angles were measured before and after treatment in both groups. Spinopelvic angles were pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS) and lumbar lordosis (LL). Results: There were changes in angles of spinopelvic parameters in both groups. The significant difference in pelvic tilt was shown in group "A" while there was a significant difference in pelvic incidence angle in group "B". Conclusion: Both open chain segmental control exercises and closed chain segmental control exercises showed a significance difference before and after application in spinopelvic angles.

Submerged breakwaters are efficient structures used for shore protection. Many design features of these structures are captured upon modeling wave propagation over submerged square obstacles. The presence of separation vortices and large free surface deformations complicates the problem. A multiphase turbulent numerical model is developed using ANSYS commercial package. Careful domain discretization is done employing suitable mesh clustering to capture high gradients. Various numerical model parameters are provided, including grid size and time step. Special attention is directed towards clarifying turbulence initial conditions. Stable simulation results are obtained within acceptable computational time. Numerical results are validated quantitatively using subsurface measurements. Comparison along continuous horizontal and vertical velocity profiles is provided. Temporal and spatial model resolutions are illustrated for three test cases. The effect of wave period and height is well focused. The unsteady vortical structure is visualized. The incident wave energy is calculated and validated against theoretical values. The wave energy dissipation characteristics are briefly explained.

Objective: To test the psychometric properties of the translated Arabic version of the foot and ankle ability
measure (FAAM-A) questionnaire in patients with ankle and foot problems.
Design: Methodological study.
Setting: Cairo University hospitals and Egypt sports clubs.
Participants: Thirty experts (3 panels) with 15.6±3.5 years of experience, and 580 patients (16–60 years old) were involved in this research.
Intervention: The English version of foot and ankle ability measure (FAAM) was translated and culturally adapted into Arabic language according to international guidelines. The patients completed the FAAM-A along with the Arabic version of short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, and the patients then completed the two questionnaires 1 week later. The intra-class correlation coefficient (95% CI) was used to assess test-retest reliability, while Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure internal consistency reliability. Internal construct validity was assessed by factor analysis while convergent and divergent validity were tested by correlation between FAAM-A and short form 36 questionnaire (SF-36).
Results: FAAM-A has three factorial structures and has a very strong association with SF-36. It has a high internal consistency reliability where Cronbach α of Activity of Daily Living (ADL) subscale was between 0.951 and 0.987 and sport subscale was between 0.968 and 0.971. Test-Retest analysis was 0.984 (0.981-0.986, 95% CI) for ADL and 0.96(0.953-0.966, 95% CI) for sport FAAM total scores (P< 0.0001).
Conclusion: FAAM-A is a reliable, valid, and feasible
Keywords: Psychometrics, Cross-cultural adaptation, Foot and ankle ability measure, Arabic version

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