SAID SHEHATA

This paper presents a fault location scheme for aged power cables using phasor measurements from both ends of the cable line. The proposed fault location scheme is derived using two-terminal measurements incorporated with a distributed line model, modal transformation theory, and discrete Fourier transforms. The proposed scheme can solve the problem of cable changing parameters, especially the change of the relative permittivity and thus for the operating positive, negative, and zero sequence capacitance changes. Extensive simulation studies are carried out using the alternative transients program ATP/EMTP. The simulation studies show that the proposed scheme provides a high accuracy in fault location calculations under various system and fault conditions. The results show that the proposed method responds very well, being insensitive to fault type, fault distance, fault resistance, and fault inception angle. The
proposed scheme solves the problem of aged cables with change of electric parameters. In addition, it gives an accurate estimation of the fault resistance in all fault types.

The operating room (OR) environment is surrounded by many hazards that include physical, chemical, and biological hazards. These potential hazards might endanger the safety of both patients and OR personnel (nurses, anesthesiologists, surgeons, workers, etc). However, these hazards can be preventable if they are identified and correctly dealt with. The aim of the present study is to assess the potential hazards in the OR, the study also proposed guidelines for safety practices in the OR. In order to achieve these aims, a total of 115 general surgeries were assessed and observed by the investigator as regarding to environmental safety issues and the OR personnel aseptic practices during surgeries using the OR Safety Assessment Tool (B). In addition to the general assessment of OR environment which assessed once using the OR Safety Assessment Tool (A). The result of the data analysis revealed deficiency regarding to the OR suitable environment and regarding to the OR personnel safe practices application during the 115 observed surgeries. The result showed also that the OR personnel had poor compliance with the OR attire and with following specific important OR aseptic practice that indicate the need for establishing OR written policies and procedures that has to be available to OR personnel, reviewed annually, and adhere with. The study concluded that, there is possible risk for patient and OR personnel working in the study setting. Based on these findings, the present study provided recommended guidelines for patients and personnel safety in the operating room.

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