Dr Mohammed Mahmoud Youssif

The iodide space in rabbit brain varies greatly depending on the conditions under which it is determined.2. When (131)I(-) only is used the iodide space 4 hr after administration of the marker is of the order of 2%. The iodide content of the cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) is about 1% of that of the serum.3. Depression of the active iodide transport by perchlorate increases the space to 8.2% and the iodide content of the c.s.f. to 26% of that of the serum.4. The active iodide transport can also be depressed by saturation with unlabelled iodide. Up to a serum iodide concentration of 5 mM the space determined after 5 hr remained constant at 2.7%. The iodide space grew when the serum iodide content was enhanced from 5 to 20 mM, to become constant at a value of 10.6% on further increase of the serum iodide (up to 50 mM). The iodide content of the c.s.f. increased in a similar manner as the space with the iodide concentration of the serum to about 1/3 of the serum concentration. The iodide space of the muscle was independent of the plasma iodide content.5. From 4 to 8 hr after administration of (131)I(-) alone or with unlabelled iodide (to a serum concentration of 15 mM) the iodide space remained relatively constant.6. When (131)I(-) was administered in the fluid with which the ventricles were perfused an iodide space of about 7% was attained after about 5 hr.7. In experiments in which (131)I(-) was administered intravenously and the sink action of the c.s.f. was eliminated by perfusion of the ventricles with a perfusate containing as much (131)I(-) as the plasma, the iodide space was 10.2%. When in addition active iodide transport was depressed by perchlorate the space increased to 16.8%.8. Intravenous administration of labelled and unlabelled iodide (to a serum concentration of 20-40 mM) and ventricle perfusion with the same concentration of (131)I(-) and unlabelled iodide as in the plasma yielded an iodide space of 20.8%. In similar experiments the iodide concentration of the perfusate was so adjusted that after 5 hr perfusion its iodide content hardly changed during the passage through the ventricles. Under these conditions the iodide concentration of the extracellular and perfusion fluids can be considered to be near equal. The iodide space computed on the basis of the iodide content of the outflowing fluid was 22.5%.9. The large iodide space could be equated with the extracellular space if the iodide remained extracellular. This seems to be the case in the muscle where the iodide space is similar to the inulin space.10. The large effects on the iodide space of perchlorate and saturation with unlabelled iodide in experiments in which the marker was administered intravenously and in the perfusate (7 and 8) suggests the presence of an active iodide transport from the brain extracellular fluid into the blood over the blood-brain barrier.

At birth, the Barki lambs used in this experiment were randomly allocated to three groups which numbered 133, 126 and 154 lambs of both sexes weaned at the ages of 10 weeks (Group I), 12 weeks (Group II) and 16 weeks (Group III) respectively.
The most pronounced differences between the three groups of lambs in their body weights took place at the age from 4 to 6 months. Group II lambs performed as well as or even slightly better than the other two groups, which leads to the conclusion that as far as the body weight of lambs is concerned there is no need to extend their suckling period more than 12 weeks.
The three groups of lambs varied little in their mortality rates from 2·5 to 12 months of age.

1
Die Wirkung von Sexualhormonen (Stilböstrol, Östron, Äthinylöstradiol, Progesteron, Testosteronpropionat), Epiphysenhormonen, Schilddrüsenhormonen und Nebennieren-rindenhormonen auf das Wachstum von Candida albicans, Mikrosporum gypseum und Aspergillus niger wurde in vitro untersucht.
2
Stilböstrol stimulierte in kleinen Dosen (0,001 mg/ml) das Wachstum von Candida albicans und Mikrosporum gypseum, während es in höheren Dosen (6 mg/ml) eine fungizide Wirkung aufwies. Eine Hemmwirkung wurde beobachtet bei 0,25 bis 3 mg/ml auf Candida albicans, von 0,01 bis 3 mg/ml auf Mikrosporum gypseum und von 0,01 bis 6 mg/ml auf Aspergillus niger.
In kleinen Dosen (0,001 bis 0,01 mg/ml) förderte Östron das Wachstum von A. niger, ebenso wie Äthinylöstradiol das Wachstum von M. gypseum und A. niger. Progesteron hatte keine Wirkung auf das Wachstum von C. albicans von 0,05 bis 6 mg/ml, aber es förderte das Wachstum von M. gypseum und A. niger in Dosen von 0,05 bis 0,5 mg/ml und 0,5 bis 1 mg/ml. Eine Hemmwirkung auf M. gypseum wurde bei hohen Dosen von 1 bis 6 mg/ml beobachtet, auf A. niger in Dosen von 3 bis 6 mg/ml.

Testosteronpropionat förderte das Wachstum von C. albicans in Dosen von 0,05 bis 6 mg/ml, M. gypseum in Dosen von 3 bis 6 mg/ml, A. niger in Dosen von 1 bis 6 mg/ml.

3
Epiphysenvorderlappenextrakt hemmte die Testpilze in Dosen zwischen 0,05 bis 0,3 E/ml. Fungizid wirkten 0,3 E/ml auf A. niger.
4
Schilddrüsenhormon förderte das Wachstum der Testpilze in Dosen von 6 und 12 mg/ml.
5
17α-hydroxy-11-dehydro-corticosteronacetat förderte das Wachstum von A. niger in Dosen von 0,005 bis 5 mg/ml und hemmte das Wachstum von C. albicans in Dosen von 0,2 bis 5 mg/ml. 5 mg/ml zeigten eine fungizide Wirkung auf M. gypseum.

This experiment was carried out in a newly reclaimed desert area south-west of Alexandria. The purpose was to study the effect of breeding Barki ewes more than once per year on body weights and mortality rates of their lambs. Lambs were weighed 24 h after birth and at the ages of 1, 2, 2·5 (weaning age), 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 and 12 months.
The experiment comprised three groups of single-born lambs of both sexes. The first group included 385 lambs born (in October–November) to ewes lambing once per year; tho second group comprised 155 lambs born (in January–February) to ewes lambing twice in twelve months and the third comprised 102 lambs also born in January–February to ewes lambing thrice in two consecutive years.
Lambs born to ewes lambing once were heavier from the age of 1 month to the age of 5 months than lambs born to ewes lambing twice in the same year or three times in two consecutive years. However, the three groups of lambs did not significantly differ in their body weights from 5 to 12 months of age.
Rebreedi ng did not significantly affect the mortality rate of lambs at the three studied ago periods, i.e. from birth to 1 month of age, from 1 month to weaning and from weaning to the age of 12 months.
Sex had a significant effect on body weights of lambs but did not affect their mortality rates.