Medical Sector

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically, radiographically, and histologically orthodontic tooth movement into bone regenerate after mandibular distraction osteogenesis to elucidate the optimal timing for initiating tooth movement.

The Millennium Summit in 2000 established the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which were agreed upon by 193 countries and 23 international organizations to combat extreme poverty and other pressing global priorities for human development. In the December 2011 issue of CPPM, Borda-Rodriguez and Huzair present an analysis of the close ties and synergies among the MDGs, pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine. Notably, MDGs promote the creation of collective innovation, a concept with both substantive and instrumental pertinence for the personalized medicine R&D that is currently undergoing rapid globalization. The ethos for collective innovation in global health is also embodied in the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, endorsed in 2005 by more than 100 signatories, including donor and developing country governments, regional development banks and international aid agencies.

A standardized extract of the fruits of Solanum distichum has previously been shown to possess antihypertensive activity in rats (ED50 about 1 mg/kg). Earlier acute toxicity studies had shown that single doses up to 2 g/kg orally or intraperitoneally failed to show any signs of morbidity. To study its potential long-term toxicity, rats of either sex were fed orally 1 g/kg of the extract daily over a period of 4 weeks to 6 months. The extract did not affect food intake or rate of growth of the animals. Blood counts and other hematological parameters remained unaffected. Treatment for 4 weeks had no effect on plasma cholesterol or blood urea nitrogen in both sexes, but extended treatment to 6 months tended to lower both parameters. Plasma creatinine, liver enzymes and fasting blood sugar, plasma electrolytes, total protein and albumin were not altered. Gross necropsy showed a 20% increase in liver to body weight ratios after 6 months.

Rectal endometriosis is a very indolent disease whose treatment has been debated by a range of competing schools. Meanwhile, not all audiences in the scientific community are entirely familiar with the full aspects of the disease. Hence, the purpose of this review is to outline the basic as well as the recent literature pertaining to the disease, thus offering a broader view to the interested reader.

Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a common problem after cleft palate repair; secondary surgery may be needed to treat this condition. Pharyngeal flap is usually selected for cases with sagittal closure pattern, and sphincter pharyngoplasty is used for cases with coronal closure pattern,

Introduction: The presence of a recurrent proximal penile hypospadius represents a surgical challenge to the urologist due to the presence of excessive scarring and fibrosis of the tissues. This problem is more pronounced in circumcised patients, in whom there is no enough skin for one stage procedures. Buccal mucosal grafts represent a good surgical option. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of two stages buccal mucosal urethroplasty in pediatric & adolescent patients, presenting with recurrent proximal penile hypospadias who are circumcised. Methods: Thirty seven pediatric & adoles-cent patients

Objective: To evaluate uterine artery blood flow and subendometrial blood flow in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM) compared to normal fertile women.

Novel quinazolines 4-11, 15 and triazoloquinazolines12-14 bearing biologically active sulfonamide moieties were synthesized . All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against liver cancxer cell line (HEPG2). Some of the screened compounds exhibited interesting cytotoxic activity compared to Doxorubicin as a reference drug. The most active compounds were selected and evaluated for their ability to enhance the cell killing effect of gamma radiation; compound 15 was superior to doxorubicin in radiattion combination therapy.

Journal of Chromatographic science, 49: 1-7 (2011) IF: 1.078

A binary mixture of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) and metronidazole (MET) was determined by five simple and accurate methods, without prior separation. In the first method, CIP was determined by second derivative spectrophotometric method (2D) by measuring the amplitude at 282 nm (zero ordinate value of MET). On the other hand, the determination of MET was based on isosbestic point technique, where the total content of the mixture was determined at 294.5 nm (isosbestic point), then the content of MET could be calculated by subtraction. The second method was first derivative ratio spectrophotometric method (1DD) where the total amplitude at 261 and 285 nm and the amplitude at 295.5 nm were selected to simultaneously determine CIP and MET in binary mixture, respectively. The third method was based on dual wavelength analysis, in which two wavelengths were selected, at which the absorbances of the other component were the same.

Five chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of gemifloxacin (GF) in bulk powder and pharmaceutical preparations. The first method depends on RP-HPLC, separation of drug and degradation products was successfully achieved on a Hypersil BDS C18 column using mobile phase consisted of citrate buffer adjusted to 2.5 pH by citric acid: Acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) at 1 ml/min flow rate and 267 nm wavelength of detection. Another chromatographic method which achieved successful separation of drug and its degradation products depends on TLC densitometry using mobile phase consisted of chloroform: methanol: toluene: diethylamine: water (33.6:33.6:16.8:10.8:6,v/v/v/v/v) with 20?l spotting volume and 260 nm wavelength of detection. Other three simple, rapid and sensitive UV methods have been developed for GF estimation in presence of its degradation products. One method depends on the first order derivative where GF shows sharp peak at 258.6 nm.

Derivative and derivative ratio methods are presented for the determination of butamirate citrate, formoterol fumarate, montelukast sodium, and sodium cromoglycate. Using the second derivative ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry, butamirate citrate and formoterol fumarate were determined by measuring the peak amplitude at 260.4 and 261.8 nm, respectively, without any interference of their degradation products. Butamirate citrate degradation product, 2-phenyl butyric acid, was determined by themeasurement of its second derivative amplitude at 246.7nmwhere butamirate citratedisplays zero crossing. Formoterol fumarate degradation product, desformyl derivative, could be evaluated through the use of the first derivative at peak amplitude of 264.8 nm where interference of formoterol fumarate is negligible. In the first mode, the zero-crossing technique was applied at 305 nm for the determination of montelukast sodium in the presence of its photodegradation product, cis-isomer. The derivative of ratio spectra of montelukast sodium and its cis- isomer were used to determine both isomers using the first derivative of the ratio spectra by measuring the amplitudes of the trough at 305 nm and the peak at 308 nm, respectively. The later technique was also used for the determination of a ternary mixture of sodium cromoglycate and its two degradation products using zero-crossing method. In the derivative ratio spectra of the ternary mixture, trough depths were measured at 271.6, 302.8 and 302.2 nm, using the second, the first, and the second mode to evaluate sodium cromoglycate, degradation product (1) and degradation product (2), respectively. All the methodswere applied successfully to the pharmaceutical preparation and were validated according to ICH guidelines.

Objective: Hypoxia-ischemia is the leading cause of neurological handicaps in newborns worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) collected from fresh cord blood of asphyxiated newborns have the potential to regenerate damaged neural tissues. The aim of this study was to examine the capacity for MSCs to differentiate into neural tissue that could subsequently be used for autologous transplantation. Study

Telepathology, the practice of pathology at a long distance, has advanced continuously since 1986. Today, fourth-generation telepathology systems, so-called virtual slide telepathology systems,

This guidance details the needs of children, and the qualities of parenting that meet those needs. Parental mental disorders can damage the foetus during pregnancy through the action of drugs, prescribed or abused. Pregnancy and the puerperium can exacerbate or initiate mental illness in susceptible women. After their birth, the children may suffer from the social disadvantage associated with severe mental illness. The parents (depending on the disorder, its severity and its persistence) may have intermittent or prolonged difficulties with parenting, which may sometimes result in childhood psychological disturbance or child maltreatment. This guidance considers ways of preventing, minimizing and remedying these effects. Our recommendations include: education of psychiatrists and related professions about the effect of parental mental illness on children; revision of psychiatric training to increase awareness of patients as caregivers, and to incorporate relevant assessment and intervention into their treatment and rehabilitation; the optimum use of pharmacological treatment during pregnancy; prebirth planning when women with severe mental illness become pregnant; development of specialist services for pregnant and puerperal women, with assessment of their efficacy; community support for parenting by mothers and fathers with severe mental disorders; standards of good practice for the management of child maltreatment when parents suffer from mental illness; the importance of multi-disciplinary teamwork when helping these families, supporting their children and ensuring child protection; the development of child and adolescent mental health services worldwide.

The umbilical cord blood derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to vascular regeneration in experimental models of
ischaemia. However, their ability to participate in cardiovascular tissue restoration has not been elucidated yet. We employed a novel
coculture system to investigate whether human EPCs have the capacity to integrate into living and ischaemic cardiac tissue, and participate
to neovascularization. EPCs were cocultured with either living or ischaemic murine embryonic ventricular slices, in the presence
or absence of a pro-angiogenic growth factor cocktail consisting of VEGF, IGF-1, EGF and bFGF. Tracking of EPCs within the cocultures
was performed by cell transfection with green fluorescent protein or by immunostaining performed with anti-human vWF, CD31, nuclei
and mitochondria antibodies. EPCs generated vascular tube-like structures in direct contact with the living ventricular slices.
Furthermore, the pro-angiogenic growth factor cocktail reduced significantly tubes formation. Coculture of EPCs with the living
ventricular slices in a transwell system did not lead to vascular tube-like structures formation, demonstrating that the direct contact is
necessary and that the soluble factors secreted by the living slices were not sufficient for their induction. No vascular tubes were formed
when EPCs were cocultured with ischaemic ventricular slices, even in the presence of the pro-angiogenic cocktail. In conclusion, EPCs
form vascular tube-like structures in contact with living cardiac tissue and the direct cell-to-cell interaction is a prerequisite for their
induction. Understanding the cardiac niche and micro-environmental interactions that regulate EPCs integration and neovascularization
are essential for applying these cells to cardiovascular regeneration.

The umbilical cord blood derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to vascular regeneration in experimental models of
ischaemia. However, their ability to participate in cardiovascular tissue restoration has not been elucidated yet. We employed a novel
coculture system to investigate whether human EPCs have the capacity to integrate into living and ischaemic cardiac tissue, and participate
to neovascularization. EPCs were cocultured with either living or ischaemic murine embryonic ventricular slices, in the presence
or absence of a pro-angiogenic growth factor cocktail consisting of VEGF, IGF-1, EGF and bFGF. Tracking of EPCs within the cocultures
was performed by cell transfection with green fluorescent protein or by immunostaining performed with anti-human vWF, CD31, nuclei
and mitochondria antibodies. EPCs generated vascular tube-like structures in direct contact with the living ventricular slices.
Furthermore, the pro-angiogenic growth factor cocktail reduced significantly tubes formation. Coculture of EPCs with the living
ventricular slices in a transwell system did not lead to vascular tube-like structures formation, demonstrating that the direct contact is
necessary and that the soluble factors secreted by the living slices were not sufficient for their induction. No vascular tubes were formed
when EPCs were cocultured with ischaemic ventricular slices, even in the presence of the pro-angiogenic cocktail. In conclusion, EPCs
form vascular tube-like structures in contact with living cardiac tissue and the direct cell-to-cell interaction is a prerequisite for their
induction. Understanding the cardiac niche and micro-environmental interactions that regulate EPCs integration and neovascularization
are essential for applying these cells to cardiovascular regeneration.

Patients who receive chemotherapy perceive nausea and vomiting to be one of the most problematic outcomes of chemotherapy, even with the administration of a prophylactic anti-emetic protocol. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of acupressure on chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients. A convenient sample of 63 adult male and female patients who had one day dose of chemotherapy was recruited. The study setting was the public–free of charge chemotherapeutic outpatient of the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. Three tools were used for data collection: 1) Sociodemographic and medical data sheet, 2) Visual Analogue scale, 3) Patient assessment sheet. Pressure on % the neiguan, pericardium 6 (P6) was performed for about 1- 3 times for 5 minutes each according to the patients' condition and need. The study results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the anti- emetic session, whereas patients received the anti-emetic only and the acupressure sessions, whereas patients received routine anti-emetic plus acupressure in relation to incidence of nausea and vomiting, frequency and amount of vomiting and severity of nausea and vomiting during the during July 2010 chemotherapeutic cycle. There were no statistically significant differences between 1st and 2nd acupressure sessions in relation to incidence of nausea, frequency and amount of vomiting and perceived severity scores of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy administration. In addition the majority of patients signed on high effect of acupressure as an adjuvant with anti-emetic in controlling