Mokhtar, K., S. Hamed, M. Hamdy, E. E. Zohairy, I. Fathy, and N. Elsayed, Study of possible relation between chronic use of tobacco, cannabis, and tramadol on semen quality in a sample of Egyptian subfertile males, , 2023. AbstractWebsite

SummaryBackground
Infertility/subfertility affects up to 15% of couples. Tobacco, cannabis, and tramadol misuse is prevalent in our society mainly among men who are at ages likely to be seeking infertility treatment. However, the effect of these substances on male fertility is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of tobacco, cannabis, and tramadol on the semen quality of subfertile males. Our study is a case-control study that included eighty-five subfertile male patients. The following tests were performed on each patient: a full history, local examination of the genital organs, semen analysis, and qualitative and quantitative assessments of tobacco (cotinine), cannabis (tetrahydrocannabinol) metabolites, and tramadol in urine samples.
Result
In our study, the tobacco group showed a significant decrease in sperm motility, while the cannabis and tramadol groups showed significantly higher sperm motility measured by both conventional and computer-assisted semen analysis.
Conclusion
Tobacco, cannabis, and tramadol negatively affect semen quality via different mechanisms. Tobacco decreases both the progressive and total motility of sperm. However, the mechanism through which cannabis and tramadol cause infertility is not fully understood. Our study indicates that cannabis and tramadol induce increased sperm motility (hyperactivation). Hyperactivation is required as the sperm approaches the egg. Premature hyperactivation may lead to early sperm burnout, reducing the fertilization capacity.

Ghazy, R. M., S. A. Ibrahim, S. H. N. Taha, A. Elshabrawy, S. W. Elkhadry, S. Abdel-Rahman, M. A. Hassaan, and N. Fadl, Attitudes of parents towards influenza vaccine in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A multilevel analysis, , vol. 41, issue 36, pp. 5253 - 5264, 2023. AbstractWebsite

BackgroundSeasonal influenza vaccines (SIVs) can protect against influenza and substantially reduce the risk of influenza-related hospitalizations and fatalities in children. This study aimed to assess parental attitudes towards SIVs in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR).
Methods
Through an anonymous online survey conducted in 19 countries in the EMR, parents or caregivers over 18 years who had at least one child above 6 months filled out the Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines questionnaire. As data had two levels; country and individual factors, we utilized multilevel binary logistic regression models.
Results
In total, 6992 respondents filled out the questionnaire. Of them, 47.4 % were residents of middle-income countries, 72.4 % of the mothers were between 26 and 45 years old, 56.5 % had at least a university degree, and approximately 51.6 % were unemployed. Nearly 50.8 % of the respondents were hesitant to vaccinate their children against seasonal influenza. Parental attitudes towards seasonal influenza vaccination differed significantly between countries, p < 0.001. The main predictors of parental seasonal influenza vaccine hesitancy (VH) were parents vaccination (odds ratio (OR) = 0.42, 95 % CI = 0.32–0.55, p < 0.001)), the mother's education if mother educated vs. who did not receive any education (OR ranged from 0.48 to 0.64, p < 0.05), living in low-income countries (OR = 0.52, 95 % CI = 0.35–0.77, p < 0.01), mountain residence (0.69, 95 % CI = 0.49–0.99, p < 0.05), health workers as a source of information (OR = 0.70, 95 % CI = 0.58–0.85, p < 0.001), children vaccination against COVID-19 (OR = 0.52, 95 % CI = 0.41–0.65, p < 0.001), not receiving routine vaccinations (OR = 1.93, 95 % CI = 1.09–3.44, p = 0.025), and if parents respondents could not remember whether their child had suffered from seasonal influenza in the previous year (OR = 1.57, 95 % CI = 1.33–1.84, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
A high seasonal influenza VH rate was found in the EMR. Health authorities should implement different interventions targeting the identified modifiable risk factor to increase vaccine uptake among children, especially those at risk of complication from seasonal influenza infection.

Ghazy, R. M., S. Al Awaidy, and S. H. N. Taha, Trends of HIV indicators in Egypt from 1990 to 2021: time-series analysis and forecast toward UNAIDS 90–90–90 targets, , vol. 23, issue 1, pp. 625, 2023. AbstractWebsite

Infection with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pose severe threats to public health across the world. This study aimed to describe and forecast the trend of HIV indicators, including progress towards the 90–90–90 targets in Egypt since 1990.

Ghazy, R. M., S. H. N. Taha, and Y. A. M. Elhadi, "Letter from Egypt", Respirology, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 242-244, 2022. AbstractWebsite
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Ghazy, R. M., R. Ashmawy, N. A. Hamdy, Y. A. M. Elhadi, O. A. Reyad, D. Elmalawany, A. Almaghraby, R. Shaaban, and S. H. N. Taha, "Efficacy and Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis", Vaccines, vol. 10, no. 3, 2022. AbstractWebsite

{The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has threatened global health and prompted the need for mass vaccination. We aimed to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent mortality and reduce the risk of developing severe disease after the 1st and 2nd doses. From conception to 28 June 2021, we searched PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCO, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, WHO-ICTRP, and Google Scholar. We included both observational and randomized controlled trials. The pooled vaccine efficacy and effectiveness following vaccination, as well as their 95 percent confidence intervals (CI), were estimated using the random-effects model. In total, 22 of the 21,567 screened articles were eligible for quantitative analysis. Mortality 7 and 14 days after full vaccination decreased significantly among the vaccinated group compared to the unvaccinated group (OR = 0.10, ([95% CI, 0.04–0.27]

Ghazy, R. M., A. Almaghraby, R. Shaaban, A. Kamal, H. Beshir, A. Moursi, A. Ramadan, and S. H. N. Taha, "A systematic review and meta-analysis on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as monotherapy or combined with azithromycin in COVID-19 treatment", Scientific Reports, vol. 10, issue 1, pp. 22139, 2020.
Taha, S. H. N., H. saied zaghloul, A. A. Ali, L. A. Rashed, R. M. Sabry, and I. F. Gaballah, "Molecular and hormonal changes caused by long-term use of high dose pregabalin on testicular tissue: the role of p38 MAPK, oxidative stress and apoptosis", Molecular Biology Reports, vol. 47, issue 11, pp. 8523-8533, 2020.
Taha, S. H. N., H. saied zaghloul, A. A. Ali, I. F. Gaballah, L. A. Rashed, and B. E. Aboulhoda, "The neurotoxic effect of long-term use of high-dose Pregabalin and the role of alpha tocopherol in amelioration: implication of MAPK signaling with oxidative stress and apoptosis", Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, vol. 393, issue 9, pp. 1635-1648, 2020.
Abdelfattah, A., N. Ramadan, S. Hamed, and F. Soliman, "HARASSMENT AGAINST WOMEN", Gender-based violence “Pushing borders: Together we can do more”, Kasr Alainy - Cairo University, 1 November, 2015. Abstract

Background: Sexual harassment is a violation of women's human rights and a prohibited form of violence against women in many countries. Sexually harassing conduct causes devastating physical and psychological injuries to a large percentage of women in workplaces around the world. Harassment directed against women in the workplace by their supervisors, fellow employees, or third parties interferes with the integration of women in the workforce, reinforces the subordination of women to men in society, violates women's dignity and creates a health and safety hazard at work.
Objectives: exploring harassment against females in Egypt and its types, also reporting its rate and attitude of both females and society to harassment. We tried also through this study to know the most common age at which harassment occur, in which place and most common perpetrator.
Methodology: In this study we collect data from two groups: the first group were about 500 female who came to kasr alainy hospital seeking medical advice and the second group were about 400 medical students at faculty of medicine Cairo university. A structured questionnaire was prepared by the researchers then the candidates were asked to answer this questionnaire after giving oral consent. The questionnaire included ten questions about type, frequency, site, perpetrator and attitude of both victim and society.
Results: we found exposure to harassment in both groups was more in student group than the other group, but multiple exposures were very high in both groups. Oral harassment was more prominent than physical in both groups. In student group harassment frequently occurs in the school bout in the other group it occurs elsewhere. In both groups usually, the perpetrator is an unknown person and the reaction of the victim usually negative.
Conclusion: the study shows the incidence of female exposure to harassment in Egypt is very high, so we recommend to try to do more studies on this bad phenomenon and its bad effects.
Keywords: (Domestic violence, suicide, domestic violence-related suicide)

Abdelfattah, A., N. Ramadan, and S. Hamed, "SUICIDE AS A RESULT OF VIOLENCE", Gender-based violence “Pushing borders: Together we can do more”, Kasr Alainy - Cairo University, 1 November, 2015. Abstract

Background: Domestic violence and other forms of violence against women and other family members are well known to be substantial and widespread, with women more likely than men to be abused mostly by their partners that is well known as gender based violence. Domestic violence is a major precipitating factor for suicide in many communities especially in our Middle East area.
Objectives: To show the incidence of violence against female in Egypt also to show the real relation between suicidal attempts and this domestic violence. We tried also through this study to know the most common age at which the abused person attempt suicide, the preparatory, the education level of the abused person, and the social level of the them
Methodology: In this study we collect data from 500 female aged from 18:50 years and from300 medical students at faculty of medicine Cairo university. Structured questionnaire was prepared by the researchers then victims were asked to answer this questionnaire after giving oral consent. Victims were asked about their demographic data, if they were exposed to violence, which type and who is the preparatory.
Results: we found that females exposed to violence were about 60 % of the total sample. Exposure to violence was less in the medical student group than the other group. Also, about 65% of females who exposed to violence has suicide thoughts and about 30% of them have already attempted suicide.
Conclusion: the study shows the strong relation between attempting suicide and exposure to domestic violence. At the end of this work, we recommend to understand the broad scope and tragic impact of domestic violence; further research is needed concerning domestic violence-related suicide.
Keywords :( Domestic violence, suicide, domestic violence-related suicide)