Fath-All, A. A., T. Atia, A. S. Mohamed, N. M. Khalil, T. D. Abdelaziz, N. A. Mahmoud, A. M. Elagali, H. I. Sakr, and M. N. Abd El-Ghany, "Efficacy of yeast-mediated SeNPs on gastric ulcer healing and gut microbiota dysbiosis in male albino rats.", Tissue & cell, vol. 96, pp. 102953, 2025 Oct. Abstract

BACKGROUND: Gastric ulcer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tract diseases with a higher extent in male patients. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) possess therapeutic benefits, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ulcerative agents. The study aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of yeast-mediated SeNPs on gastric ulcers and microbiota dysbiosis in a rat model.

METHOD: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups. Both the control and SeNPs-only groups received distilled water orally, and after 1 h, they received 2 % carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The ulcer model and SeNPs-treated groups received 99 % ethanol (5 ml/kg orally) for ulcer induction, followed by 2 % CMC after one hour. The SeNPs-treated group got SeNPs (60 mg/kg) suspended in 2 % CMC. We measured ulcer markers (ulcer index and gastric juice pH and volume and stomach tissue oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), and catalase (CAT)), in addition to histopathological examination of gastric tissues stained with three different satins: hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Masson's trichrome stains (many-color dye), and microbiological analysis of freshly collected fecal sample.

RESULTS: SeNPs treatment significantly decreased gastric volume, ulcer index, malondialdehyde, and increased glutathione levels. A macroscopic examination of the treated stomach revealed decreased ulcer lesion numbers. Furthermore, histopathological examination showed that SeNPs treatment repaired ulcerative gastric tissue through the regeneration of epithelial cells and reduction in damaged areas and collagen fibers. In the treated group, microbiological analysis of rat feces showed a significant increase in Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecium counts.

CONCLUSION: This research suggests that SeNPs exhibit anti-ulcer activity and can accelerate ulcer healing via their antioxidant action. They also have a modulatory effect on gut microbiota dysbiosis associated with gastric ulcers. This is the first research studying the impact of safe yeast-mediated SeNPs on rat's gastric ulcer and gut microbiota.

Hamdy, N., M. Abdel-Gabbar, H. I. Sakr, S. S. Gaber, M. Kandeal, A. M. Abdel-Aziz, and O. Ahmed, "The Anti-Diabetic, Lipidemic, And Pro-Inflammatory Effects of oral hypoglycemic on T2DM Obese Patients", Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 68, issue 4, pp. 91-101, 2025.
Meligy, F. Y., H. S. El-Deen Mohammed, A. T. Abou Elghait, H. K. Mohamed, I. El-Sayed Mohamed Ashry, A. Abdel-Rahman Sayed, O. A. Hussein, A. Salman, T. Atia, A. S. Mohamed, et al., "Mesenchymal stem cells versus mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes as potential autophagy pathway modulators in a diabetic model.", Advances in medical sciences, vol. 70, issue 1, pp. 152-165, 2025. Abstract

PURPOSE: This work compared the potential effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) with BM-MSCs-derived exosomes against impaired autophagy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three days after STZ injection, a single dose of (3 ​× ​10^6) BM- MSCs or BM-MSCs-derived exosomes (80 μg/rat) was administered to evaluate their effects against nondiabetic and diabetic control rats. We assessed pancreatic structure via light and electron microscopy and evaluated its staining for insulin and the autophagy marker P62 immunohistochemically. Moreover, autophagy marker LC3 gene expression was examined by PCR.

RESULTS: Both BM-MSCs and BM-MSCs derived exosomes showed histological restoration of pancreatic tissues. Both treatments markedly increased the amount of insulin and significantly decreased the autophagy markers P62 and LC3.

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that both BM-MSCs and BM-MSCs-derived exosomes provides a potential alternative to modulate diabetes mellitus.

Hassaneen, N. H., S. A. Hemeda, A. F. El Nahas, G. M. Albadrani, M. Q. Al-Ghadi, Z. M. Mohammedsaleh, S. E. Fadl, E. M. El-Diasty, and H. I. Sakr, "Post-treatment of rat aflatoxicosis by camel milk and silymarin.", Frontiers in pharmacology, vol. 16, pp. 1513105, 2025. Abstract

BACKGROUND: Aflatoxins are highly potent mycotoxins that can seriously harm the health of humans and a variety of animal species. On the other hand, camel milk and silymarin offer a variety of positive effects for many animal species. In addition, camel milk and silymarin reduce the impact of AFB1 on the hematology, serum biochemical markers, histopathology of the liver and testes, and expression of the inflammatory, antioxidant, and male reproductive genes.

METHODS: 40 rats were used to evaluate the beneficial effect of silymarin and camel milk against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxicity in rats. The classified treatments were the control negative (no treatment) and the control positive (supplied with 1.4 mg aflatoxin/kg diet) for 28 days. Camel milk group (supplied with 1.4 mg aflatoxin/kg diet) for 28 days and camel milk (1 milliliter of camel milk per kilogram of body weight) orally, from day 29 to day 43). Silymarin (supplied with 1.4 mg aflatoxin/kg diet) for 28 days and silymarin (20 mg silymarin/kg b.wt), orally, from day 29 to day 43). The evaluation was done through measuring leukocyte count, liver function tests, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ferritin, and testosterone. Moreover, the histopathology of the liver and testes was done along with expression levels of specific genes in the liver and testes.

RESULTS: The outcomes showed that the post-treatment with silymarin and camel milk improved biochemical markers in serum and ability to reproduce.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, post-treatment with camel milk and silymarin could mitigate the negative effect of AFB1 on rats.

Rezk, H. M., H. I. Sakr, A. O. Ismaile, A. A. Almowallad, T. M. Almaqboule, A. K. Alqawlaq, J. A. Albassame, A. A. Bukharie, and H. H. Almoshawar, "HOX genes: molecular genetics and effect of mutation", Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 24, issue 1, pp. 1-9, 2025.
Foda, A. A. R. M., H. I. Sakr, R. M. Sabry, W. M. Eldehna, Khaled Abd Elaziz Ahmed Elnaghi, and E. T. Enan, "Role of androgen receptor expression in the metastatic potential of colorectal carcinoma", Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 23, issue 4, pp. 693-701, 2024.
Adel, A., M. Abdul-Hamid, S. H. Abdel-Kawi, M. A. Abdelaziz, H. I. Sakr, and O. M. Ahmed, "Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce CCl-induced kidney injury and fibrosis in male Wistar rats.", Renal failure, vol. 46, issue 2, pp. 2319330, 2024. Abstract

AIM: This study explores the possible therapeutic role of rats and mice bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on renal damage and toxicity brought on by carbon tetrachloride (CCl) in Wistar rats.

METHODS: Following an intraperitoneal injection of CCl (0.5 mL/kg b.w. twice weekly) for eight weeks, male Wistar rats were intravenously treated with rats and mice BM-MSCs (1 × 10 cells in 0.2 mL Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/rat/week) a week for four weeks. Kidney functions were evaluated and kidney samples were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome (MT) staining techniques, and electron microscopy analysis. Kidney cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), protein 53 (p53), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by immunohistochemical staining techniques. Additionally, bioindicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense systems were identified in kidney tissue.

RESULTS: In CCl-injected rats, serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels significantly increased, as did renal lipid peroxidation (LPO), while superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) transferase, and GSH levels significantly dropped in the kidneys. Histologically, the kidneys displayed a wide range of structural abnormalities, such as glomerular shrinkage, tubular dilations, inflammatory leukocytic infiltration, fibroblast proliferation, and elevated collagen content. Inflammatory cytokines like COX-2 and TNF-α as well as the pro-apoptotic mediator p53 were considerably upregulated. Treatment of BM-MSCs from mice and rats with CCl-injected rats considerably reduced the previously noted abnormalities.

CONCLUSIONS: By boosting antioxidant defense and reducing apoptosis and inflammation, BM-MSCs from mice and rats were able to enhance kidney function and histological integrity in rats that had received CCl injections.

Altyar, A. E., G. M. Albadrani, S. M. Farouk, M. K. Alamoudi, A. A. Sayed, Z. M. Mohammedsaleh, M. Q. Al-Ghadi, R. M. Saleem, H. I. Sakr, and M. M. Abdel-Daim, "The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of sesamin against cisplatin-induced renal and testicular toxicity in rats.", Renal failure, vol. 46, issue 2, pp. 2378212, 2024. Abstract

PURPOSE: The present study investigated the nephron-testicular protective effects of sesamin against cisplatin (CP)-induced acute renal and testicular injuries.

METHODS: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were allocated to receive carboxymethylcellulose (0.5%, as sesamin vehicle), CP (a single i.p. 5 mg/kg dose), CP plus sesamin at 10 or 20 mg/kg orally for 10 days.

RESULTS: Data analysis showed significant increases in serum urea, creatinine, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as renal and testicular tissue malondialdehyde and nitric-oxide concentrations in CP-intoxicated rats in comparison to control animals. On the contrary, rats treated with CP only exhibited significantly lower ( < .05) serum testosterone, tissue glutathione, and activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes compared to control rats. Histopathologically examining CP-intoxicated rats' tissues using H&E and PAS stains showed atrophied glomeruli, interstitial inflammatory cells, atypic tubular epithelium with focal apoptosis, and reduced mucopolysaccharide content. Further, immunohistochemical staining of the same group revealed an increase in p53 and cyclooxygenase-II (Cox-II) expression in renal and testicular tissues. Treatment with sesamin alleviated almost all the changes mentioned above in a dose-dependent manner, with the 20 mg/kg dose restoring several parameters' concentrations to normal ranges.

CONCLUSIONS: In brief, sesamin could protect the kidneys and testes against CP toxicity through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.

Hussein, A. A., N. A. Ahmed, H. I. Sakr, T. Atia, and O. M. Ahmed, "Omentin roles in physiology and pathophysiology: an up-to-date comprehensive review.", Archives of physiology and biochemistry, vol. 130, issue 6, pp. 800-813, 2024. Abstract

Omentin (intelectin) was first detected in the visceral omental adipose tissue. It has mainly two isoforms, omentin-1 and -2, with isoform-1 being the main form in human blood. It possesses insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, cardio-protective, and oxidative stress-decreasing effects. Omentin's cardiovascular protective actions are caused by the improved endothelial cell survival and function, increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, enhanced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) relaxation with reduced proliferation, decreased inflammation, and suppressed oxidative stress. Omentin may also have a potential role in different cancer types and rheumatic diseases. Thus, omentin is an excellent therapeutic target in many diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), inflammatory diseases, and cancer. This review demonstrates the physiological functions of omentin in ameliorating insulin resistance (IR), vascular function, and inflammation and its possible share in managing obesity-linked diseases, such as metabolic disorders, DM, and cardiovascular conditions.

Hamdy, N., M. Abdel-Gabbar, H. I. Sakr, M. A. Abdelaziz, M. Kandeil, A. A. M. Aziz, and O. M. Ahmed, "Efficacy of metformin on different adipocytokines in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients", Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 23, issue 2, pp. 207-215, 2024.