Engineering Sector

Analog designs have been viewed as a voltage dominated form of signal processing for a long time. However current-mode signal processing circuits have been preferred over the voltage-mode signal processing circuits due to their advantages such as higher signal bandwidth, larger dynamic range, greater linearity, lower power consumption, and simpler circuitry. Designs for active realizations of passive elements using high performance active devices are a rich area of research; many active elements have been used to simulate the inductor part in doubly terminated ladder filters. The researcher here try to contribute in this filed.

A systematic generation method of the single input single output transconductance amplifier (TA) based on using nodal admittance matrix (NAM) expansion is given. The four pathological elements used are the nullator, norator, voltage mirror (VM) and current mirror (CM). The single input single output TA also known as the voltage controlled current source (VCCS) includes two types depending on the direction of the output current. Two pathological realizations for each type using grounded resistor are given and eight pathological realizations for each type using floating resistor are also derived. Applications of TA in realizing grounded and floating resistors, grounded and floating inductors, first order voltage mode and current mode all pass filters, Tow Thomas second order filter, universal second order voltage mode and mixed mode filter using five single input differential output TA and one single input single output TA and oscillators using a single input single output TA are included.

Given a set of moving object trajectories, we show how to cluster them using k-means
clustering approach. Our proposed clustering algorithm is competitive with the k-means clustering
because it specifies the value of “k” based on the segment’s slope of the moving object trajectories. The
advantage of this approach is that it overcomes the known drawbacks of the k-means algorithm, namely,
the dependence on the number of clusters (k), and the dependence on the initial choice of the clusters’
centroids, and it uses segment’s slope as a heuristic to determine the different number of clusters for the
k-means algorithm. In addition, we use the standard quality measure (silhouette coefficient) in order to
measure the efficiency of our proposed approach. Finally, we present experimental results on both real
and synthetic data that show the performance and accuracy of our proposed technique.

The use of water main break history as a proxy for condition has become common practice because of the high costs associated with direct assessments. Statistical deterioration models predict future water main breaks on the basis of historical patterns. Many municipalities are beginning to understand the value of utilizing water pipe break histories to manage their noncritical distribution networks via deterioration models. This paper presents a generic IDEF0 process model for developing water main deterioration models. Two common statistical deterioration models for water pipes are compared: rate-of-failure models (ROF) and transition-state (TS) models. ROF models extrapolate the breakage rate for a particular cohort of pipes and do not differentiate between the times between successive failures. On the other hand, transition-state models attempt to model the time between successive failures for pipes. This paper presents a comparison and analysis of ROF models and transition-state models by using a single data set for cast- and ductile-iron pipes in the City of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The paper compares the models’ ability to support breakage forecasting, long-term strategic planning, and short-term tactical planning. Best practices for pipe segmentation in support of water main deterioration models are presented.

The paper presents a design technique for adaptive PI current and speed controllers maintaining deadbeat response in vector-controlled induction motor drives. The proposed design is based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS).

Perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) is a novel concept in electromagnetic fields of interesting properties and many potential applications. This paper introduces a new technique to design an artificial surface that has equivalent PEMC properties. The proposed PEMC boundary is based on a periodic structure composed of two conducting patches on a grounded dielectric slab. One of them is embedded inside the substrate and the other lies on the surface of the substrate.