Elkader, A. A. I., H. E. A. Sebaee, and Z. M. ELSAYED., "Patients' knowledge assessment regarding factors aggravating esophageal variceal bleeding at a university hospital in Egypt", journal of advances in life science and technology, vol. 23, pp. 32 - 42, 2014. Abstract

Background: Portal hypertension and consequent variceal hemorrhage is one of the most devastating complications of chronic liver disease and is the most common Cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with cirrhosis. Aggravating factors assessment has become an integral part in management of those patients to overcome their misconceptions. Aim: Assess patients' knowledge about factors aggravating esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). Research question: What is the patients' knowledge about factors aggravating EVB? Research design: A descriptive exploratory design was utilized to answer the research question. Sample: A convenient sample of 110 adult male and female patients with esophageal varices receiving esophageal ligation and/or injection, admitted to Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit and all medical departments at one hospital affiliated to Cairo University were recruited in the study. Tools: Two tools were designed and used by the researcher to collect data relevant to the study; first tool is structured questionnaire regarding demographic and illness-related data sheet, and the second one is patients' knowledge assessment questionnaire of EVB aggravating factors Results: The study results revealed that (61.8%) of the study subjects' age ranged from 40 < 60 years old, (65.5%) of the study subjects were males, (79.1%) of them had lack of knowledge regarding different factors aggravating EVB, the most common one was high risk related nutrition followed by high risk related medications then other factors represent (76.4%, 68.2% & 66.4%) respectively. Conclusion: Diet and medications are acknowledged as the most important factors aggravating esophageal variceal bleeding among study subjects. Recommendation: A written instruction about prohibited and allowed drugs, nutrition, and allowed physical activities for patients with esophageal varices is recommended.
Key words: Assessment, esophageal variceal bleeding, aggravating factors.

M.Hassanein, S., M. ELSAYED. Z., and H. A. E. Raouf, "Validity And Reliability Of Checklists Used For Objective Structured Clinical Examination: Piloting Modified Tools.", journal of biology agriculture and health care, vol. V. 3 , issue 11, pp. 55- 62, 2013. Abstract

Background: Developing tools for evaluating students' performance is one of the important tasks required from faculties. The validity and reliability of tools increase its significance and the objectivity of using these tools in the field of research, as well strengthen the results.

Aim: Was to test validity and reliability of the selected checklists of the objective structured clinical examination which assess the Medical-Surgical Nursing competencies.
Design: Test-retest, Six Sigma was utilized to answer the research questions.

Research questions: 1-Are the ten selected checklists valid? 2-Are the ten selected checklists reliable?

Sample: Ten checklists were selected out of the required competencies of Medical-Surgical Nursing course during the academic year of (2010-2011 & 2011-2012).

Results: The results of the tested checklists revealed that the selected checklists are valid while the reliable checklists were fluid balance, (intramuscular, intravenous) injections, surgical scrub, gloving, wound dressing and wound drain. However subcutaneous injection and withdrawal of drugs from a vial were not reliable. While the surgical gown checklist was questionable.
Conclusion: Seven out of the tested ten checklists were reliable while all the checklists were valid.
Recommendation: Revise and modify the unreliable checklists and retest its reliability. Go through studying validity and reliability of other competencies in the Medical-Surgical Nursing field. OSCE checklists are strongly suggested as reliable and valid assessment of the growing number of nursing students.

Key words: OSCE, validity, reliability, clinical assessment.

ELSAYED., Z. M., G. O. M. A. A. A., and A. A. M., "Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice for Prevention of Infection in Burn Unit at a University Hospital: Suggested Nursing Guidelines", IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science (IOSR-JNHS), vol. 4, issue 4, pp. 62-69, 2015. Abstract

Abstract : Background: Infection is one of the main complications among burned patients. Nurses working with such patients must possess competencies and knowledge in order to ensure delivery of quality of care. Aim: This study was carried out to assess nurses’ knowledge and practice for prevention of infection in burn unit at a University Hospital; as well to suggest nursing guidelines according to study results. Research questions: Q1: What is the nurses' knowledge for prevention of infection in the burn unit? Q2: What is the nurses’ practice for prevention of infection in the burn unit? Research design: A descriptive /exploratory research design was utilized to answer the research questions. Sample: All nurses (20) in the burn unit at a University Hospital were enrolled in this study. Tools: Two tools were used to collect data which included: 1) demographic and nurses' knowledge assessment sheet 2) an observational checklist to assess nurses’ practice in burn unit. Results: Most of the studied sample (90%) had satisfactory level of knowledge (≥75%) and unsatisfactory level of practice (<85%) regarding infection control measures with a total mean score of (26.76 ± 6.91) and (37.35 ± 12.07) respectively. No significant relationship was found in relation to knowledge and practice of infection control measures application (r = 0.189) except environmental cleaning was found moderate positive correlation (r = 0.355). No significant relationship was found regarding total nurses' knowledge and their total practice (r = 0.201). Also there was a negative correlation between the studied sample total practice score and years of experience (r = -.482). Conclusion: Although the burned patients at high risk of developing life threatening problems as infection; most of nurses providing care for those patients have low level of practice especially application of infection control measures. Recommendation: Written guidelines, and infection control manual should be available in burn units to be known for all heath team members particularly nurses. An in-service training / continuing education must be stressed and provided for nurses working in such critical area of specialty. Also periodic estimation of infection rate and type of infection should be done in critically ill units such as burn units. Key words: Burn Injury, Nosocomial infection, Infection Control Measures, Role of Nurses.

El-Sayed, Z. M., and Safaa M Hassanein, "Diabetic Foot Screening for Ulcer Detection: Suggested Customized Nursing Guideline at a University Hospital-Egypt", Egyptian nursing journal, vol. 10, issue 1, pp. 110 - 128, 2015. Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a common chronic disease requiring lifelong behavioral and life style changes. It is a complex disorder which progresses in severity over time, and considers a leading cause of new cases of foot or leg amputation. So people with diabetes require careful monitoring of their foot on regular basis. Therefore foot assessment and foot care instructions are most important in early detection of foot complications. The nurse as one of the health team members; has an important role in assessing, caring, teaching and counseling those patients. The aim of the current study was to detect foot ulcer using diabetic foot screen: suggested customized nursing guideline at a University Hospital-Egypt. Research Questions: Q1: What are the screening periodical recommendations for diabetic patient? Q2: Is Inlow’s 60-second Diabetic Foot Screen assist in determining patient risk? Q3: Is there a correlation between patient’s left and right foot total score & Body Mass Index as well as indicators of diabetic problems? Q4: What are the predictors of getting foot problems in the future? Design: A descriptive exploratory design was utilized to guide and to achieve the aim of the current research. Tools: I) 1-Demographic data & 2- Medical data pertinent to medical diagnosis, BMI, duration of disease, blood glucose level…...etc. II) 1-Inlow’s 60 second diabetic foot screen. 2-International working group on the diabetic foot (IWGDF)-risk classification system. Setting: The study was conducted in the medical departments (19, 31 & 6) and outpatient clinics at El-Manial University Hospital; affiliated to Cairo-University -Egypt. Results: 40% of the study sample their age was between 50 and less than 60 years old. 52% was female. The study highlighted that 30% of the sample was overweight with Mean+SD=24.87+12.81 while 32% had diabetes between 5 and less than 10 years ago with Mean+SD= 9.60+6.96. Between 60 to 70% of the sample needed screening yearly and only 6% needed screening every 3 months. There was a correlation between indicators of discovering diabetes' total score & patients' foot condition= 0.39 & 0.37 for Lt & Rt foot respectively. Regression test predicted relation between indicators of discovering diabetes' total score & patients foot condition in the future=0.40 & 0.38 Lt & Rt foot respectively. Conclusion: The more diabetic patients became aged the more foot care is required. Frequent foot screening is needed to prevent diabetes related complications in the future. Recommendation of the study: 1-All diabetic patients with either type I or type II need to be scheduled on foot assessment. 2- Replication of the study on large sample and follow up patient’s foot condition after taking the Customized Nursing Guideline of foot care.
Key words: Inlow's 60-second Diabetic Foot Screen, Diabetic foot ulcer, diabetic foot ulcer detection, nursing role in care of diabetic foot problems.

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