Awad, A., H. Shaker, W. Shendy, and M. Fahmy, "Effect of shoulder girdle strengthening on trunk alignment in patients with stroke.", Journal of physical therapy science, vol. 27, issue 7, pp. 2195-200, 2015 Jul. Abstract

[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of shoulder girdle strengthening, particularly the scapular muscles, on poststroke trunk alignment. [Subjects and Methods] The study involved 30 patients with residual hemiparesis following cerebrovascular stroke. Patient assessment included measuring shoulder muscle peak torque, scapular muscles peak force, spinal lateral deviation angle, and motor functional performance. Patients were randomly allocated either to the control group or the study group and received an 18-session strengthening program including active resisted exercises for shoulder abductors and external rotators in addition to trunk control exercises. The study group received additional strengthening exercises for the scapular muscles. [Results] The two groups showed significant improvement in strength of all shoulder and scapular muscles, with higher improvement in the study group. Similarly, the lateral spinal deviation angles significantly improved in both groups, with significantly higher improvement in the study group. Transfer activity, sitting balance, upper limb functions, and hand movements significantly improved in the two groups, with higher improvement in the latter two functions in the study group. [Conclusion] Strengthening of shoulder girdle muscles, particularly scapular muscles, can significantly contribute to improving the postural alignment of the trunk in patients with poststroke hemiparesis.

Abdelraouf, O. R., hamada ahmed hamada, A. Selim, W. Shendy, and H. Zakaria, "Effect of backpack shoulder straps length on cervical posture and upper trapezius pressure pain threshold.", Journal of physical therapy science, vol. 28, issue 9, pp. 2437-2440, 2016 Sep. Abstract

[Purpose] This study was performed to investigate the effect of the length of backpack shoulder straps on upper trapezius muscle pain threshold and craniovertebral angle. [Subjects and Methods] There were 25 participants, with ages from 15 to 23 years old. Upper trapezius pain threshold and craniovertebral angle were measured for all subjects without the backpack then re-measured after walking on a treadmill for 15 min under 2 conditions: 1) wearing a backpack with short straps; and 2) wearing a backpack with long straps. [Results] there was a significant reduction in upper trapezius pain threshold and craniovertebral angle while carrying a backpack with long shoulder straps, compared to use of a backpack with short shoulder straps or no backpack. [Conclusion] A backpack with short straps is less harmful than a backpack with long straps. This result should be considered in ergonomic design of backpacks to reduce the incidence of various physiological and biomechanical disorders.

, "Relationship between Proprioception and Trunk Muscles Strength at Different Trunk Velocities in Patients with Lumbar Disc Prolapse", Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy - Cairo University, vol. 16, issue 1, 2011.
Diana, H. Shaker, and Shendy.W.S, "POSTOPERATIVE BRACHIAL PLEXOPATHIES AFTER GENERAL ANESTHESIA", Egypt. J. Med. Sci, vol. 34, issue 2, pp. 743, 2013.
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