Younes, N. F., R. Latif, A. Badawi, and K. Hegazy, "Optimized buccoadhesive repaglinide-loaded cubogel: In-vitro characterization and in-vivo hypoglycemic activity in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model", International Journal of Pharmaceutics: X: Elsevier, pp. 100357, 2025. Abstract
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Younes, N. F., R. Kamel, H. B. El-Nassan, I. M. Adel, and N. A. Elkasabgy, "Gelatin in drug delivery", Natural Biopolymers for Drug Delivery: Woodhead Publishing, pp. 571-619, 2025. Abstract
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Elgabry, R. M., G. A. Fawzy, K. M. Meselhy, N. M. Ramadan, N. F. Younes, A. M. Al-Taweel, S. Perveen, and M. S. Sedeek, "Phytochemical analysis and anti-aging efficacy of two Egyptian sweet potato cultivars in a d-galactose-induced skin aging model", Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 11, issue 1: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Berlin/Heidelberg, pp. 8, 2025. Abstract
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Hussein, A., M. El-Kayal, R. N. Shamma, H. H. Awad, and N. F. Younes, "Optimizing nutraceutical-loaded trehalosomes in-situ gel for diabetic cataract management: Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations", Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 102: Elsevier, pp. 106368, 2024. Abstract
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Younes, N. F., S. Sayed, M. Hassan, and S. Ahmed, "Engineered lecithin-based proniosomes for enhanced trans-tympanic permeation: In vitro, microbiological, ex vivo and in vivo evaluation", Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 96: Elsevier, pp. 105728, 2024. Abstract
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Elgendy, H. A., A. M. A. Makky, Y. E. Elakkad, H. H. Awad, M. E. A. Hassab, and N. F. Younes, "Atorvastatin loaded lecithin-coated zein nanoparticles based thermogel for the intra-articular management of osteoarthritis: in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo studies", Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation, vol. 54, issue 4: Springer Nature Singapore Singapore, pp. 497-518, 2024. Abstract
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Elgendy, H. A., A. M. A. Makky, Y. E. Elakkad, R. M. Ismail, and N. F. Younes, "Syringeable atorvastatin loaded eugenol enriched PEGylated cubosomes in-situ gel for the intra-pocket treatment of periodontitis: statistical optimization and clinical assessment.", Drug delivery, vol. 30, issue 1, pp. 2162159, 2023. Abstract

Atorvastatin calcium (ATV) is a well-known anti-hyperlipidemic drug currently being recognized for possessing an anti-inflammatory effect. Introducing it as a novel remedy for periodontitis treatment necessitates developing a syringeable modified delivery system capable of targeting inflammation within the periodontal pockets. Thus, a 3 Box-Behnken design was used to generate eugenol enriched PEGylated cubosomes. Based on the desirability function, the optimized formulation (OEEPC) was selected exhibiting a solubilization efficiency (SE%) of 97.71 ± 0.49%, particle size (PS) of 135.20 ± 1.11 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.09 ± 0.006, zeta potential (ZP) of -28.30 ± 1.84 mV and showing a sustained drug release over 12 h. It displayed a cubic structure under the transmission electron microscope, furthermore, it was stable upon storage for up to 30 days. Hence, it was loaded into an optimum syringeable in-situ gel (ISG) which displayed the desired periodontal gelation temperature (34 ± 0.70 °C) and an adequate gelation time (46 ± 2.82 sec), it also released approximately 75% of the drug within 72 h. Clinical evaluation of the ISG showed a promising percentage reduction of about 58.33% in probing depth, 90% in the bleeding index, 81.81% in the plaque index, and 70.21% in gingival levels of transforming growth factor-β1. This proved that the formulated syringeable intra-pocket delivery system of ATV is an efficient candidate for diminishing inflammation in periodontitis.

Younes, N. F., A. E. - H. I. El Assasy, and A. I. A. Makhlouf, "Microenvironmental pH-modified Amisulpride-Labrasol matrix tablets: development, optimization and in vivo pharmacokinetic study.", Drug delivery and translational research, 2020. Abstract

Amisulpride (AMS) is atypical antipsychotic with a weak basic nature (pKa 9.37), which results in low solubility in the high pH of the intestine. It is also recognized as a substrate of P-glycoprotein efflux pump. Both factors lead to its low oral bioavailability (48%). The daily dose of AMS is between 200 and 1200 mg to be taken in divided doses which compromise patient compliance. Therefore, controlled release formulation of AMS is of clinical significance. AMS was formulated into matrix tablets containing Labrasol, P-glycoprotein efflux inhibitor, and a penetration enhancer, using direct compression technique. The tablets were prepared according to 2·4 factorial design using two polymers, namely, HPMC and Carbopol 934 at four concentrations (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%). Percentage AMS released after 2 h (Q%) and 8 h (Q%) were chosen as dependent variables. Two acidic pH modifiers (fumaric acid and tartaric acid) at two levels (15% and 30%) were incorporated in the tablet according to 2 factorial design. All formulae with acidic pH modifier had similarity factor (f) ≥ 50 proving the pH independent release of AMS. The pharmacokinetic study in rabbits revealed 30% enhancement of the oral absorption AMS imparted by the pH-modified matrix tablet containing Labrasol. Graphical abstract.

El Assasy, A. E. - H. I., N. F. Younes, and A. I. A. Makhlouf, "Enhanced Oral Absorption of Amisulpride Via a Nanostructured Lipid Carrier-Based Capsules: Development, Optimization Applying the Desirability Function Approach and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Study.", AAPS PharmSciTech, vol. 20, issue 2, pp. 82, 2019. Abstract

Amisulpride (AMS), a second generation antipsychotic, suffers from low oral bioavailability (48%). This might be due to its pH-dependent solubility or being a substrate of P-glycoprotein efflux pump. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were proposed in this study to enhance the oral absorption of AMS. AMS-NLCs were prepared by solvent evaporation technique according to (2.4.3) factorial design, whereas the type of solid lipid (tripalmitin or Gelucire® 43/1), lipid to drug ratio (7:1, 10:1, or 13:1) and type of external suspending medium (double distilled water, 0.5% TSP pH 12, 1% HPMC or 2.5% glycerin) were the independent variables. The average entrapment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of the prepared formulations ranged from 29.01 to 69.06%, 184.9 to 708.75 nm, 0.21 to 0.59, and - 21 to - 33.55 mV, respectively. AMS-NLCs were optimized according to the desirability function to maximize the entrapment efficiency and minimize the particle size. Formulae G12, G10, and G7 with the highest desirability values of 0.915, 0.84, and 0.768, respectively, were chosen for further investigations. Novel AMS-NLCs capsules were prepared from the lyophilized formulations (TG7 and MG10) to enhance stability and increase patient compliance. The capsules were evaluated in terms of weight variation, content uniformity, and in vitro release pattern. The pharmacokinetics of AMS-NLCs capsules (formula TG7) were tested in rabbits compared to the commercial Amipride® tablets. The relative bioavailability of AMS-NLCs capsules was found to be 252.78%. In conclusion, the NLC-based capsules show potential to improve the oral bioavailability of AMS.