Eissa, F. M. A., A. H. A. Eassa, R. S. Zalat, M. S. Negm, and M. A. Elmallawany, "Potential therapeutic effect of platelet-rich plasma and albendazole on the muscular phase of experimental Trichinella spiralis infection", Food and Waterborne Parasitology, vol. 28, issue e00189, pp. 1-6, 2022. Abstract
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Bacterial toxins are secreted as soluble proteins. However, they have to interact with a cell lipid membrane either to permeabilize the cells (pore forming toxins) or to enter into the cytosol to express their enzymatic activity (translocation toxins). The aim of this review is to suggest that the strategies developed by toxins to insert in a lipid membrane is mediated by their structure. Two categories, which contains both pore forming and translocation toxins, are emerging: alpha helical proteins containing hydrophobic domains and beta sheets proteins in which no hydrophobicity can be clearly detected. The first category would rather interact with the membrane through multi-spanning helical domains whereas the second category would form a beta barrel in the membrane.

ElAal, A. A. A., R. K. Nahnoush, M. A. Elmallawany, W. S. El-Sherbiny, M. S. Badr, and G. M. Nasr, "Isothermal PCR for Feasible Molecular Diagnosis of Primary Toxoplasmosis in Women Recently Experienced Spontaneous Abortion.", Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences, vol. 6, issue 6, pp. 982-987, 2018. AbstractWebsite

AIM: The current study aimed to assess the practicability of a simple loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) about real-time quantitative PCR to diagnose primary toxoplasmosis among high-risk pregnant women.

METHODS: Cloned Toxoplasma samples were used to calculate the analytical sensitivity while specificity was assessed using pooled DNA samples extracted from other parasitic stages.

RESULTS: Both techniques showed 100% sensitivity and specificity and then applied to detect recent Toxoplasma infection in peripheral blood of 77 IgG negative women out of a total 139 women lately experienced spontaneous abortion. The 2 techniques obtained positive results in 8 samples confirming primary toxoplasmosis.

CONCLUSION: Generally, LAMP assay is a simple, cost-effective molecular technique can be completed in less than half an hour to diagnose primary Toxoplasma infection. The technique can be applied in a minimally equipped laboratory by ordinary workers to screen the vulnerable groups. Further analysis using larger samples with the quantitative approach is recommended to confirm the sensitivity of this emergent molecular technique.

Soliman, A., A. El-Adawy, A. A. Abdel-Aal, M. A. Elmallawany, R. K. Nahnoush, A. A. R. Eiaghni, M. S. Negm, and A. Mohsen, "Usefulness of Sunlight and Artificial UV Radiation Versus Chlorine for the Inactivation of Cryptosporidium Oocysts: An in Vivo Animal Study.", Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences, vol. 6, issue 6, pp. 975-981, 2018. AbstractWebsite

BACKGROUND: Cryptosporidium is an important waterborne protozoan.

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sunlight being the natural source of UV and artificial UV irradiation on Cryptosporidium oocysts versus the effect of chlorination, being the traditional method of water disinfection and to provide an insight into the viability and degree of infectivity of Cryptosporidium oocysts, using an animal model.

METHODS: An experimental study including 300 neonatal mice was carried out to investigate the effect of artificial ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and sunlight being the natural source of UV irradiation versus chlorine, the traditionally used water disinfectant on the infectivity of Cryptosporidium oocysts present in water. For each item, nine different exposure times were investigated. Parasitological assessment (Modified Ziehl Neelsen stained stool smears) and histopathological assessment of the excised segments of the small intestine (stained by both Haematoxylin & Eosin and ZN stain) of mice were used to verify the inactivation of oocysts.

RESULTS: Cryptosporidium oocysts failed to induce any noticeable infection after 4 hours of artificial UV exposure that provided a UV dose of 10mJ/cm2 and after an 8 hours exposure to sunlight, whereas they showed resistance to disinfection by chlorine.

CONCLUSION: The results of the study demonstrate the important role of an 8 hours sunlight exposure of potable water in plastic bottles in achieving complete inactivation of any contaminating Cryptosporidium oocysts, thus offering an applicable, economical and convenient method for the control of cryptosporidiosis especially in developing countries.

Aufy, S. M., A. M. A. Mahgoub, M. G. E. - D. Saadi, and M. A. Elmallawany, "Serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii in chronic renal failure patients and renal transplant recipients.", Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, vol. 39, issue 3, pp. 943-50, 2009 Dec. Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were detected in 78 patients with renal disease by ELISA. Patients were classified according to the renal status; chronic renal failure patients not on haemodialysis (G1 = 19), chronic renal failure patients on regular haemodialysis (G2 = 30), renal transplant recipient (G3 = 29) and 13 normal controls. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG & IgM antibodies were 36.8% & 10.5% in renal failure patients not on haemodialysis, 56.7% &16.7% in patients on regular haemodialysis and 69% & 24.1% in renal transplant recipients versus 23.1% & 0% in controls with statistical significant difference for Toxoplasma IgG antibodies only. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies levels of G3 were lower than that of G1. It was observed that the more the exposure to dialysis, the more the risk of toxoplasmosis. It was found that 85.71% of renal transplant recipient seropositive cases for anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies were detected in one year post-transplantation and 14.28% of cases after the first year of transplantation.

Mahgoub, A. M. A., S. M. Aufy, M. G. E. - D. Saadi, and M. A. Elmallawany, "Risk factors predisposing to toxoplasmosis in chronic renal failure patients and renal transplant recipients.", Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, vol. 39, issue 3, pp. 963-73, 2009 Dec. Abstract

This work evaluated risk factors predisposing to toxoplasmosis in chronic renal failure patients and renal transplant recipients. The present study included 91 cases classified according to their renal status into four groups; control group, renal failure patients not on haemodialysis, renal failure patients on regular haemodialysis and renal transplant recipients group. The age groups (< 20) and (30-) had the highest positivity for anti-Toxoplasma IgG & IgM antibodies in comparison to the other age groups. The results showed no sex difference in positivity rate for anti-Toxoplasma IgG & IgM in groups. There was no significant difference between groups regarding risk factors for contracting toxoplasmosis, clinical presentation suggestive of toxoplasmosis and diabetes mellitus. There was significant difference between all groups as regarding intake of immunosuppressive drugs and blood transfusion.

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