Abdelmawgood, I. A., M. A. Kotb, H. Ashry, B. W. Ebeed, N. A. Mahana, A. S. Mohamed, J. I. Eid, M. A. Ramadan, N. S. Rabie, M. Y. Mohamed, et al., "β-glucan mitigates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation by preventing oxidative stress and CD8 T cell infiltration.", International immunopharmacology, vol. 132, pp. 111985, 2024. Abstract

BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is a severe respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation, remodeling, and oxidative stress. β-Glucan (BG) is a polysaccharide found in fungal cell walls with powerful immunomodulatory properties. This study examined and clarified the mechanisms behind BG's ameliorativeactivitiesin an allergic asthma animal model.

METHOD: BG was extracted from Chaga mushroom and characterized using FT-IR, UV-visible, zeta potential, and H NMR analysis. The mice were divided into five groups, including control, untreated asthmatic, dexamethasone (Dexa)-treated (1 mg/kg), and BG (30 and 100 mg/kg)-treated groups.

RESULTS: BG treatment reduced nasal scratching behavior, airway-infiltrating inflammatory cells, and serum levels of IgE significantly. Additionally, BG attenuated oxidative stress biomarkers by lowering malonaldehyde (MDA) concentrations and increasing the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses have confirmed the suppressive effect of BG on the percentage of airway-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8 T cells.

CONCLUSION: The findings revealed the role of CD8 T cells in the pathogenesis of asthma and the role of BG as a potential therapeutic agent for asthma management through the suppression of airway inflammation and oxidative stress.

Ebeed, B. W., I. A. Abdelmawgood, M. A. Kotb, N. A. Mahana, A. S. Mohamed, M. A. Ramadan, A. M. Badr, M. Nasr, O. M. Qurani, R. M. Hamdy, et al., "β-glucan nanoparticles alleviate acute asthma by suppressing ferroptosis and DNA damage in mice.", Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death, 2024. Abstract

Asthma is a severe respiratory disease marked by airway inflammation, remodeling, and oxidative stress. β-Glucan (BG), a polysaccharide constituent of fungal cellular structures, exhibits potent immunomodulatory activities. The investigational focus was on the anti-asthmatic and anti-ferroptotic properties of beta-glucan nanoparticles (BG-NPs) in a murine model of allergic asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA). BG was extracted from Chaga mushrooms (Inonotus obliquus), and its BG-NPs were characterized utilizing techniques including FT-IR, UV visible spectroscopy, zeta potential analysis, DLS, XRD, and TEM. The Balb/C mice were allocated into five groups: control, untreated asthmatic, dexamethasone (Dexa)-treated (1 mg/kg), BG-treated (100 mg/kg), BG-NPs-treated (45 mg/kg), and BG-treated (100 mg/kg). Treatment with BG-NPs markedly diminished the entry of inflammatory cells into the respiratory passage, serum IgE concentrations, DNA damage, and markers of oxidative stress through the reduction of malonaldehyde (MDA) levels and enhancing the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, BG-NPs reduced iron deposition and promoted the transcriptional activity of the GPx4 gene in pulmonary cells, attenuating ferroptosis. The results demonstrated that BG-NPs reduced asthma by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, DNA damage, and ferroptosis. Our results suggest that BG-NPs could be used as potential treatments for allergic asthma.

Mohamed, S. A., D. F. Teleb, H. K. Saad El-Deen, J. I. Eid, and A. A. El-Ghor, "Association of new SNPs at DGAT1 gene with milk quality in Egyptian Zaraibi goat breed.", Animal biotechnology, vol. 34, issue 7, pp. 2499-2504, 2023. Abstract

This study aimed to detect putative genomic loci in candidate genes associated with milk composition in Egyptian Zaraibi goats. A total number of 50 samples were tested to detect polymorphism in exons 15 and 16 of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene. The PCR products were sequenced and aligned. Sequence analysis showed three new genotypes in the studied samples: T1C1 (T12C SNP), T2C2 (T84C), and AG (G219A), then three groups were created: the first group was BB with C1T1 and AG genotypes, the second was DD which contains C2T2 and AG genotypes, and the third was AG with only AG genotype. GLM showed that the DD group with C84T and G219A SNPs had significantly the highest fat percent. Meanwhile, the BB group with C84T and G219A SNPs recorded significantly the highest total solids levels. On the other hand, the AG group which has G219A SNP showed a non-significant effect on milk components. Those new SNPs were submitted to GenBank and approved to be published. Moreover, translation of those sequences showed that the G219A SNP causes a substitution of Glycine to Serine in exon 16 at position 106. This SNP (G106S) was predicted to be tolerated by SIFT with a score of 0.48.

Fouad, F. M., and J. I. Eid, "PAX5 fusion genes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A literature review.", Medicine, vol. 102, issue 20, pp. e33836, 2023. Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common cancer affecting children worldwide. The development of ALL is driven by several genes, some of which can be targeted for treatment by inhibiting gene fusions. PAX5 is frequently mutated in ALL and is involved in chromosomal rearrangements and translocations. Mutations in PAX5 interact with other genes, such as ETV6 and FOXP1, which influence B-cell development. PAX5/ETV6 has been observed in both B-ALL patients and a mouse model. The interaction between PAX5 and FOXP1 negatively suppresses the Pax5 gene in B-ALL patients. Additionally, ELN and PML genes have been found to fuse with PAX5, leading to adverse effects on B-cell differentiation. ELN-PAX5 interaction results in the decreased expression of LEF1, MB1, and BLNK, while PML-PAX5 is critical in the early stages of leukemia. PAX5 fusion genes prevent the transcription of the PAX5 gene, making it an essential target gene for the study of leukemia progression and the diagnosis of B-ALL.

Fathy, M. M., A. A. Elfiky, Y. S. Bashandy, M. M. Hamdy, A. M. Elgharib, I. M. Ibrahim, R. T. Kamal, A. S. Mohamed, A. M. Rashad, O. S. Ahmed, et al., "An insight into synthesis and antitumor activity of citrate and gallate stabilizing gold nanospheres.", Scientific reports, vol. 13, issue 1, pp. 2749, 2023. Abstract

Both gallic and citrate are well-established antioxidants that show promise as new selective anti-cancer drugs. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as well can be developed as flexible and nontoxic nano-carriers for anti-cancer drugs. This article evaluating the efficiency and biocompatibility of gallic acid and citrate capping gold nanoparticles to be used as anti-cancer drug. The biosafety and therapeutic efficiency of prepared nano-formulations were tested on Hela and normal BHK cell line. Gold nanospheres coated with citrate and gallate were synthesized via wet chemical reduction method. The prepared nano-formulations, citrate and gallate coated gold nanospheres (Cit-AuNPs and Ga-AuNPs), were characterized with respect to their morphology, FTIR spectra, and physical properties. In addition, to assess their cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and flow cytometry to measure biological response were performed. Cit-Au NPs and Ga-Au NPs were shown to significantly reduce the viability of Hela cancer cells. Both G0/G cell cycle arrest and comet assay results showed that genotoxic effect was induced in Hela cells by Cit-Au NPs and Ga-Au NPs. The results of this study showed that Cit-Au NPs and Ga-AuNPs inhibit the growth of metastatic cervical cancer cells, which could have therapeutic implications.

Basal, W. T., A. Elfiky, and J. I. Eid, "Chaga Medicinal Mushroom Inonotus obliquus (Agaricomycetes) Terpenoids May Interfere with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Recognition of the Host Cell: A Molecular Docking Study", International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, vol. 23, issue 3, pp. 1-14, 2021. 8th_paper.pdf
Eid, J. I., B. Das, M. M. Al-Tuwaijri, and W. T. Basal, "Targeting SARS-CoV-2 with Chaga mushroom: An in silico study toward developing a natural antiviral compound", Food Science & Nutrition, vol. 9, issue 12, pp. 6513-6523, 2021. fsn3.2576.pdf
Eid, J. I., A. - F. A. Awad, W. T. Basal, and A. A. El-Ghor, "Evaluation of Genotoxicity of Lufenuron and Chlorfluazuron Insecticides in Drosophila Melanogaster Using a Germ-line Cell Aneuploidy and Chromosomal Aberrations Test", Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, vol. 10, issue 2, pp. 196-204, 2018.
Eid, J. I., and M. M. Altuwaijri, "CHAGA MUSHROOM (INONOTUS OBLIQUUS) INHIBITS GROWTH OF LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA (A549) CELLS BUT NOT ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS", Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research , vol. 16, issue 4, pp. :289-296, 2018.
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