Hassanein, D. S., D. Z. El-Sayed, and D. H. A. Raouf, "Validity and Reliability of Checklists Used for Objective Structured Clinical Examination: Piloting Modified Tools.", Lecturers & Researchers of Medical-Surgical Nursing science, Cairo University, Egypt., vol. 1.3, 2013. Abstract

Background: Developing tools for evaluating students' performance is one of the important tasks required from
faculties. The validity and reliability of tools increase its significance and the objectivity of using these tools in
the field of research, as well strengthen the results.
Aim: Was to test validity and reliability of the selected checklists of the objective structured clinical examination
which assess the Medical-Surgical Nursing competencies.
Design: Test-retest, Six Sigma was utilized to answer the research questions.
Research questions: 1-Are the ten selected checklists valid? 2-Are the ten selected checklists reliable?
Sample: Ten checklists were selected out of the required competencies of Medical-Surgical Nursing course
during the academic year of (2010-2011 & 2011-2012).
Results: The results of the tested checklists revealed that the selected checklists are valid while the reliable
checklists were fluid balance, (intramuscular, intravenous) injections, surgical scrub, gloving, wound dressing
and wound drain. However subcutaneous injection and withdrawal of drugs from a vial were not reliable. While
the surgical gown checklist was questionable.
Conclusion: Seven out of the tested ten checklists were reliable while all the checklists were valid.
Recommendation: Revise and modify the unreliable checklists and retest its reliability. Go through studying
validity and reliability of other competencies in the Medical-Surgical Nursing field. OSCE checklists are
strongly suggested as reliable and valid assessment of the growing number of nursing students.
Key words: OSCE, validity, reliability, clinical assessment.

Raouf, D. H. E. A., and D. S. A. M. M. I. Hassanein, "Effect of Nutritional Formula on Fatigue Among Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer at a University Hospital-Egypt.", Lecturers & Researchers of Medical-Surgical Nursing Science, vol. 16, 2014. Abstract

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cancer and cause of death worldwide. Almost 50 percent of lung
cancer cases are found in the developing countries. The estimated numbers of new lung cancer cases in the Arab
world show a gradual increase every year. Cancer lung and its treatment modalities increase incidence of fatigue.
Many studied documented that patients with cancer related fatigue described it as more distressing than other
cancer-related symptoms such as pain, depression, and nausea. Correction of anemia, exercises, dietary
supplements rich in vitamins specially beta-carotene, yoga, complementary and alternative medicine have been
suggested as strategies/ guidelines of managing fatigue. Natural nutritional supplementations were recommended
by oncologists, nurse specialists, as well authors in the field of applied nutrition and they recommend juicing
fruits and vegetables. One of the recommended formulas for fighting fatigue consisted of carrot, beetroot, mixed
with celery juice (energy juice). Carrot juice is known as a miracle juice as it removes bacterial infection,
beetroot act as anti cancer factor as well as powerful blood detoxifying agent and celery juice is a source of folic
acid, vitamin B1&6.
Aim of the Study: Was to identify the effect of the nutritional formula on fatigue among lung cancer patients at
a University Hospital-Egypt.
Design: Time series longitudinal comparative study.
Research questions: 1-a-What is the effect of the nutritional formula on fatigue among patients with advanced
lung cancer before and after receiving chemotherapy?
1-b- Is there a difference between fatigue scores on the start of using the formula and at the end of rehydration
period among patients with advanced cancer lung receiving chemotherapy?
2-a-Is there a relation between fatigue score prior and after taking the nutritional formula and
the selected medical outcome (duration of illness, hemoglobin, WBCs)?
2-b-Is there a relation between fatigue score prior and after taking the nutritional formula and patients' age,
metastasis occurrence and chemotherapy medication?
Sample: A convenient sample of thirty patients with advanced lung cancer receiving chemotherapy was
collected over a year. Two tools were used to collect data; Demographic & Medical data assessment sheet and
the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS-R13). Data were collected before receiving chemotherapy (on admission),
one day after receiving chemotherapy (beginning of using the nutritional formula), after rehydration period (one
week later), two weeks later & before discharge).
Results: Fatigue scores increased after receiving chemotherapy and began to decrease gradually after
rehydration period, so there was a significant statistical difference between fatigue scores measured before and
after the use of the nutritional formula. And there is a statistical significant difference over the four readings of
fatigue scores reading and the selected medical responses (duration of illness Hgb 1st reading & 2nd reading,
WBCs 1st reading), age.
Conclusion: The suggested nutritional formula helped in decreasing fatigue among lung cancer patients
receiving chemotherapy.
Key words: Fatigue, cancer lung, chemotherapy, nutritional values (Carrots, celery, parsley).

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