Allam, R. S. H. M., and B. M. Ali, "Hypertensive uveitis: an initial presentation for primary antiphospholipid syndrome", Delta J Ophthalmol, vol. 18, issue 3, pp. 185-189, 2017.
Medhat, B., E. T. Hadidi, E. K. Hadidi, A. Yousri, D. Hassan, F. Talaat, L. Maged, M. Shabaan, M. Eissa, H. E. N. Gobashy, et al., SAT0265 Clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythrematosus in an egyptian population: a retrospective cohort, , 2017.
Shahin, A. A., O. G. Shaker, H. E. Darweesh, E. M. Sayed, and B. M. Ali, "Does human leukocyte antigen influence the risk of development and type of vasculitis in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection?", The Egyptian Rheumatologist, vol. 38, issue 4, pp. 307-312, 2016.
Zayed, H. S., B. M. Medhat, and E. M. Seif, "Evaluation of treatment adherence in patients with Behçet's disease: its relation to disease manifestations, patients' beliefs about medications, and quality of life.", Clinical rheumatology, 2018 Oct 26. Abstract

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Despite its importance, adherence to treatment has not been sufficiently studied in Behçet's disease (BD). The aim of this study was to evaluate medication adherence in BD using the Compliance Questionnaire of Rheumatology (CQR) and factors potentially affecting it.

METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 67 consecutive BD patients including 57 (85%) males with a mean age of 35.1 ± 9.27 years and mean disease duration of 129 ± 91 months. The cumulative clinical manifestations, the Behçet's Disease Current Activity Form (BDCAF) score, and the Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) were recorded. The CQR, Socioeconomic Status Questionnaire for Health Research in Egypt (SES), the Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire (BMQ), and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) quality of life assessment questionnaire were administered to the patients. Linear regression analysis was done to determine independent predictors of CQR.

RESULTS: The mean BDCAF score was 3.27 ± 3.54 and the VDI was 3.36 ± 2.21. The mean CQR score was 69.2 ± 11.79. The CQR score varied significantly among different health sources (p = 0.02), with no relationship detected with other sociodemographic characteristics, nor with clinical characteristics or the SF-36. Among the investigated medications' complexities, severity of side effects showed significantly different CQR scores (p = 0.004), and a weak positive correlation between medications' numbers and the CQR was detected. Predictors for higher CQR scores included the necessity beliefs score of the BMQ (β = 1.1, p < 0.001); whereas, predictors for lower CQR scores were the harm and concern BMQ subscales ((β = - 1.5, p = 0.004) and (β = - 0.72, p = 0.032), respectively).

CONCLUSIONS: Beliefs about medications were the only predictor for adherence in our cohort.

Raafat, K. A., R. S. H. M. Allam, and B. M. Medhat, "OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH NONOCULAR BEHÇET DISEASE.", Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2018 Apr 23. Abstract

PURPOSE: To describe the optical coherence tomography angiography findings in nonocular Behçet disease.

METHODS: The superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) and outer retinal and choroidal flow were evaluated using optical coherence tomography angiography. Perimetry was performed to correlate any microvascular and functional changes.

RESULTS: Capillary nonperfusion areas were found in the superficial capillary plexus in 16/20 eyes (80%) and in the DCP in 17/20 eyes (85%). Perifoveal capillary arcade disruption and vessel rarefaction were present in both plexuses in all cases. Capillary telangiectasia was present in the superficial capillary plexus in five eyes (25%) and in the DCP in all eyes. Telangiectasia of the parafoveal capillaries was present in the DCP in all eyes. The mean area of the foveal avascular zone was not significantly different from that in 20 normal eyes (P = 0.68). However, mean and central subfield capillary density values were significantly lower (P < 0.001 and P < 0.005, respectively) in the Behçet disease group. Perimetry revealed central scotomata on the pattern deviation plot in 12 eyes (60%).

CONCLUSION: Telangiectasia of the parafoveal capillaries was detected in the DCP in all cases. Microvascular changes in the superficial capillary plexus and DCP in nonocular Behçet disease can be detected by optical coherence tomography angiography.

El Hadidi, K. T., B. M. Medhat, N. M. Abdel Baki, H. Abdel Kafy, W. Abdelrahaman, A. Y. Yousri, D. H. Attia, M. Eissa, D. El Dessouki, I. Elgazzar, et al., "Characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus in a sample of the Egyptian population: a retrospective cohort of 1109 patients from a single center.", Lupus, vol. 27, issue 6, pp. 1030-1038, 2018 May. Abstract

Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease that can vary among different ethnic and racial groups. Objective The objective of this paper is to study the prevalence of various manifestations of SLE in a sample of the Egyptian population. Patients and methods Information in this study was derived from the medical records of SLE patients who sought medical advice at a private clinic in Cairo from January 1980 to June 2016. Results This study included 1109 SLE patients, of whom 114 (10.3%) were males and 995 were females (89.7%). Mean age of onset was 25.89 ± 10.81 years, while the median of disease duration from the onset of the disease till the last recorded visit was 26 months. The most common cumulative manifestations were arthritis (76.7%), malar rash (48.5%), leukopenia (45.7%), and photosensitivity (45.6%). A total of 33.1% of the patients had nephritis, and neuropsychiatric lupus was present in 6.4% of the patients. Secondary antiphospholipid syndrome was present in 11.5% of the patients. Antinuclear antibody and anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid were present in 1060/1094 (96.9%) and 842/1062 (79.3%) of the patients, respectively. Antiphospholipid antibodies were present in 266/636 (41.8%) of the patients, anti-Smith in 54/240 (22.5%), anti-SSA/Ro in 61/229 (20.4%), and anti-SSB/La in 32/277 (11.6%) of the patients. Male patients had a statistically higher prevalence of nephritis ( p = 0.01), whereas arthritis and alopecia were statistically higher in females ( p = 0.012 and p = 0.006, respectively). Patients with juvenile onset had a statistically higher prevalence of nephritis and seizures ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively). Conclusions Arthritis and malar rash represented the most common clinical manifestations. Male and juvenile-onset patients had a predilection toward a more severe disease. These results are in agreement with many studies conducted in the Middle East and worldwide. On the other hand, major organ involvement was exceptionally low, which is contradictory to several reports from the Middle East and across the globe.