Mansour, S., E. Anter, A. K. Mohamed, M. M. Dahaba, and A. Mousa, "Two step approach for detecting and segmenting the second mesiobuccal canal of maxillary first molars on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images via artificial intelligence.", BMC oral health, vol. 25, issue 1, pp. 1404, 2025. Abstract

AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of a customized deep learning model based on CNN and U-Net for detecting and segmenting the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) of maxillary first molar teeth on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans.

METHODOLOGY: CBCT scans of 37 patients were imported into 3D slicer software to crop and segment the canals of the mesiobuccal (MB) root of the maxillary first molar. The annotated data were divided into two groups: 80% for training and validation and 20% for testing. The data were used to train the AI model in 2 separate steps: a classification model based on a customized CNN and a segmentation model based on U-Net. A confusion matrix and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used in the statistical evaluation of the results of the classification model, whereas the Dice-coefficient (DCE) was used to express the segmentation accuracy.

RESULTS: F1 score, testing accuracy, recall and precision values were 0.93, 0.87, 1.0 and 0.87 respectively, for the cropped images of MB root of maxillary 1st molar teeth in the testing group. The testing loss was 0.4, and the area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.57. The segmentation accuracy results were satisfactory, where the DCE of training was 0.85 and DCE of testing was 0.79.

CONCLUSION: MB2 in the maxillary first molar can be precisely detected and segmented via the developed AI algorithm in CBCT images.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trial Number NCT05340140. April 22, 2022.

Mousa, A., S. El Dessouky, and D. El Beshlawy, "Sex determination by radiographic localization of the inferior alveolar canal using cone-beam computed tomography in an Egyptian population.", Imaging science in dentistry, vol. 50, issue 2, pp. 117-124, 2020. Abstract

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible differences in the location of the inferior alveolar canal in male and female Egyptians.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective study involved the evaluation of 210 CBCT scans of Egyptian individuals (18-70 years old). The inferior alveolar canal was localized by measuring 8 linear dimensions: 2 for the vertical localization of the mental foramen (superior and inferior to the mental foramen), 4 at the first molar bifurcation for the vertical and horizontal localization of the inferior alveolar canal (superior, inferior, buccal, and lingual to the inferior alveolar canal), and 2 for the horizontal localization of the mandibular foramen (anterior and posterior to the mandibular foramen). The measurements were statistically analyzed via comparative analysis, stepwise logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

RESULTS: Six of the 8 measured distances differed to a statistically significant extent between the sexes. Regression analysis suggested a logistic function with a concordance index of 84%. The diagnostic accuracy capabilities of the linear measurements as sex predictors were calculated using ROC analysis, and the 6 best predictors for sex determination were selected and ranked from highest to lowest predictive power. Moreover, combining these 6 predictors increased the predictive power to 84%.

CONCLUSION: The location of the inferior alveolar canal in the Egyptian population varies significantly by sex; accordingly, this anatomic landmark could be used as a reliable indicator of sexual dimorphism.

abd elaziz, M., A. Dahou, M. Dahaba, D. M. ElBeshlawy, M. A. Al-Betar, M. A. Al-Qaness, A. A. Ewees, and A. Mousa, "Mandibular condyle detection using deep learning and double attractor-based energy valley optimizer algorithm.", BMC oral health, vol. 25, issue 1, pp. 932, 2025. Abstract

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) constitutes a bilateral ginglymoarthrodial joint, wherein each condyle interacts with its corresponding glenoid fossa of the temporal bone. There is a critical need to understand better and accurately characterize the temporomandibular joint's diverse and variable morphological features, which can reveal significant variability across individuals, genders, and age groups. Within this study, we present an innovative condyle detection technique harnessing the potential of deep learning and feature selection (FS) models. Our approach encompasses a multi-stage process, commencing with using YOLOv8 to identify the region of interest (ROI). Subsequently, leveraging a sophisticated deep learning model, we extract salient features from the identified ROI. We modified the Energy Valley Optimizer (EVO) as an FS technique. To substantiate the efficacy of our developed method, a comprehensive dataset of 3000 panoramic images is employed, meticulously classified by two experienced maxillofacial Radiologists into four distinctive types: flat, pointed, angled, and round. The evaluation and comparison results confirm the efficiency of the proposed method in detecting condyle based on various evaluation performance indicators.

Barahim, A. A., N. Shemais, A. Mousa, and M. Darhous, "Clinical and radiographic evaluation of non-surgical therapy with and without ozone gel application in controlled type 2 diabetic patients with periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial.", BMC oral health, vol. 24, issue 1, pp. 1435, 2024. Abstract

BACKGROUND: The current study aimed to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the effect of subgingival application of ozonated gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in diabetic patients with stage III periodontitis.

METHODS: Twenty-four patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) were randomized into two groups, with 12 patients in each group. Group I served as the intervention group, receiving both SRP and ozone gel application (SRP + Ozone), while Group II served as the control group, undergoing SRP alone. Clinical attachment level was evaluated as primary outcome, with secondary outcomes including probing pocket depth, full mouth plaque score, full mouth bleeding score, dentinal hypersensitivity, radiographic linear defect depth, radiographic defect angle, and periodontal ligament widening space assessed at 3 and 6 months.

RESULTS: The results revealed statistically significant intragroup differences between the two groups (p < 0.05). In contrast, intergroup differences revealed no statistically significant difference across the various time intervals (p > 0.05). The reduction in PD in the SRP + Ozone group at three months was statistically significant (p = 0.04). The SRP + Ozone group showed a significant radiographic improvement compared to the SRP group. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) also demonstrated statistically significant differences between the two groups. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) significantly decreased after 6 months, with no significant signifcant differences between groups (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Ozone gel is suggested to be a promising potential natural adjunctive therapy for diabetic patients to enhance periodontal health, with no reported adverse effects.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ID: NCT05538078, Date of Registration: 09/09/2022. ( https://register.

CLINICALTRIALS: gov/prs/app/action/DownloadReceipt?uid=U0006D54&ts=3&sid=S000CGX4&cx=g1wreh ).

Mousa, A., S. El Dessouky, and D. El Beshlawy, "Sex determination by radiographic localization of the inferior alveolar canal using cone-beam computed tomography in an Egyptian population.", Imaging science in dentistry, vol. 50, issue 2, pp. 117-124, 2020. Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible differences in the location of the inferior alveolar canal in male and female Egyptians.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study involved the evaluation of 210 CBCT scans of Egyptian individuals (18-70 years old). The inferior alveolar canal was localized by measuring 8 linear dimensions: 2 for the vertical localization of the mental foramen (superior and inferior to the mental foramen), 4 at the first molar bifurcation for the vertical and horizontal localization of the inferior alveolar canal (superior, inferior, buccal, and lingual to the inferior alveolar canal), and 2 for the horizontal localization of the mandibular foramen (anterior and posterior to the mandibular foramen). The measurements were statistically analyzed via comparative analysis, stepwise logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results: Six of the 8 measured distances differed to a statistically significant extent between the sexes. Regression analysis suggested a logistic function with a concordance index of 84%. The diagnostic accuracy capabilities of the linear measurements as sex predictors were calculated using ROC analysis, and the 6 best predictors for sex determination were selected and ranked from highest to lowest predictive power. Moreover, combining these 6 predictors increased the predictive power to 84%.

Conclusion: The location of the inferior alveolar canal in the Egyptian population varies significantly by sex; accordingly, this anatomic landmark could be used as a reliable indicator of sexual dimorphism.

Ibrahim, A., D. El Beshlawy, and S. H. El Dessouky, "Intraoral Digital Radiography versus Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Detection and Measurements of Simulated Periapical Lesions", Egyptian Dental Jornal, vol. 16, issue 1, 2015.