Abdelazeem, A., A. Khedr, M. Abousayed, A. Seifeldin, and S. Khaled, "Management of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures using the limited open sinus tarsi approach and fixation by screws only technique.", International Orthopaedics, 2013. Abstract

Purpose
Evaluation of management of the displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACF) Sanders types II and III by using minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach and fixation by screws only technique.
Methods
Open reduction using the limited lateral approach and internal fixation using screws only was studied in 33 patients with unilateral isolated simple DIACF with a mean age of 35 years (15 type II patients and 18 type III patients). All patients were evaluated both clinically and radiologically.
Results
With a mean follow-up period of 28.8 months (range 12–53 months), no cases of failure of reduction or displacement of hardware were detected. The mean AOFAS was 91.73 points while the mean MFS was 95.09 points. Twenty-eight patients were able to resume their pre-injury level of work while the remaining five refrained to sedentary jobs. The mean pre-operative Bohlers’ angle was 2.8° (range from -38º to 24º) while postoperatively it was 19.4° (range 5º to 49º). There was no statistically significant difference when comparing the results (AOFAS p-value 1.00, MFS p-value 0.81) between Sanders’ type II and III fractures.
One patient had postoperative superficial wound infection. Seven patients complained of prominent screw heads. Complex regional pain syndrome occurred in seven patients and was treated successfully at six months duration.
Conclusion
The limited open sinus tarsi approach can be used successfully to treat displaced Sanders type II and III fractures. It allows for adequate visualization and reduction. Fixation by screws only is also sufficient. It also clearly avoids the major wound complication problems.

Calabro, L., C. Lutton, A. F. Seifeldin, G. R. Richards, and F. T. Moriarty, "Animal Models of Orthopedic Implant-Related Infection", Biomaterials Associated Infection Immunological Aspects and Antimicrobial Strategies, New York, Springer New York, 2013. Abstract

Musculoskeletal infection remains a great challenge in orthopedic and trauma surgery. Despite best medical and surgical practice and significant advances in research and development, bone and implant associated infections are still difficult to diagnose, impossible to prevent in all cases and require invasive and debilitating treatment. The development and safe clinical implementation of novel preventative, therapeutic or diagnostic strategies requires the use of animal models of infection, which provide crucial evidence regarding performance, cytocompatibility, biocompatibility, and safety prior to clinical implementation.
Many animal models of musculoskeletal infection have been described in the literature; however, there remains a dearth of fully standardized or universally accepted reference models hindering advancement in the field. The following chapter provides an overview of the animal models available for the study of musculoskeletal infection, the latest advances that are expected to improve them, and some of the most important scientific output achieved using these models.

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