Saleh, I., M. Abdelhady, A. Moussa, Y. Hefni, and A. M. L. El-latif, "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR THE CONSOLIDATION AND PROTECTION OF SANDSTONE PETROGLYPHS AT SARABIT EL KHADEM (SINAI, EGYPT)", SCIENTIFIC CULTURE, vol. 5, issue 1, pp. 43-48, 2019. Abstract5_1_4_saleh-et-al.pdf

This research aims to determine the optimum material in the consolidation and protection of the sandstone petroglyphs at Sarabit El Khadem, Sinai, which are considered one of the most important features of ancient Egyptian civilization. For this purpose; four commercial products were used in the treatment of sandstone samples that were collected from the archeological site of Sarabit El Khadem. The properties of the treated sandstone samples were evaluated using different methods such as colourimetric measurements, static wa-ter contact angle, total immersion water absorption, compressive strength, and scanning electron micro-scope. The results demonstrated that the product of PF4 has a significant efficiency in the consolidation and protection of the sandstone samples.

Moussa, A., "MONITORING BUILDING MATERIALS EXPOSED TO MARINE ENVIRONMENT: EXAMPLES FROM FARASAN ISLANDS, SAUDI ARABIA", SCIENTIFIC CULTURE, vol. 5, issue 2, pp. 7-20, 2019. Abstract

This paper focuses on the role played by the marine environment conditions in the deterioration phenomena of building materials at the heritage houses in Farasan Islands, for this purpose bedrock and building mate-rials from three ancient houses at two different islands in the red sea were studied comparatively; using XRD, SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy and XRF in order to identify their composition, and were investigated petrographically to determine the real response of the masonry structure to the deformation imposed at the surrounding conditions. Bedrock is mainly coral reef limestone and sandy limestone with high deposits of iron compounds and clay minerals, while building stone varies between coral reef limestone, dolomitic lime-stone and pure calcareous limestone, mortars and plasters also varies between lime and gypsum mortars. Foraminiferal shells are common in the studied stone samples. These building materials are widely affected by the surrounding marine climatic conditions including wind erosion and salt weathering.