Dr Mohammed Mahmoud Youssif

BACKGROUND: Gingival recession (GR) is a common oral health condition characterized by the exposure of the tooth's root which affects diverse populations worldwide. Thus, this study aimed to analyze data from adult dental patients at the outpatient clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, to assess the prevalence of GR among Egyptian adults and to identify associated risk factors and clinical characteristics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study that included 3773 individuals to detect the prevalence, risk factors and clinical characteristics of GR. All participants were examined for presence of GR, and their demographic data was collected by electronic form, while only participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were then subjected to a full professional periodontal examination. GR was categorized following the 2018 World Workshop Cairo classification system (RT1, RT2, RT3). The statistical tests used were Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's post hoc with Bonferroni correction, as well as Fisher's exact test followed by pairwise comparisons using multiple z-tests with Bonferroni correction.

RESULTS: Out of 3773 participants only 901 subjects had GR with a prevalence of 23.88%. The prevalence of localized recession (63.93%) was higher than generalized recession (36.07%) with RT1 (43.8%) being the most prevalent followed by RT2 (37.29%), and RT3 (18.87%). The most affected teeth were lower anterior teeth (46.53%) followed by upper left premolars (13.02%), then upper right premolars (11.11%), and upper anterior teeth (10.76%). The prevalence of GR was higher in males (59.6%) more than in females (40.4%), and in smokers (61.49%) more than non-smokers (38.51%). The most common medical conditions were diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Higher severity of the GR was associated with males, middle aged and old age, periodontal diseases, higher plaque and bleeding scores, medical conditions, smoking, and uneducated patients.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of GR in Egyptians is 23.88% with the most prevalent class of was RT1. Higher severity of the GR was associated with periodontal diseases, higher plaque and bleeding scores, presence of underlying medical conditions and smoking suggesting that regular dental assessments as well as dentists' awareness of the prevention, and treatment of GR has to be increased.

Recent studies propose an association between the prolonged usage of gastric acid suppressants (GAS) and the incidence of dementia in stressed patients. This association was confirmed in our investigation recently published with a significant role for gut dysbiosis using different GAS, especially PPI esomeprazole (Esom). Hence, this work explored the influence of different probiotics on gut dysbiosis associated with Esom use in unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)-induced cognitive impairment. Rats were given Esom (3.7 mg/kg/day orally) with exposure to UCMS for 7 weeks and treated with Lactobacillus delbrukii and Lactobacillus fermentum (LB) (1 × 10 CFU/day orally) or Bacillus clausii (BC) (1 × 10 CFU/day orally) in the last 3 weeks of the experiment. LB and BC attenuated the cognitive impairment associated with Esom use in the presence of UCMS, where BC showed more remarkable results. These results were correlated with improvement of dysbiosis and gut membrane integrity by reducing colonic inflammation via hampering the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. The improvement of gut dysbiosis was further interrelated with decrease in systemic inflammation and improvement of cholecystokinin (CCK) level. The neuroprotective effects in LB and BC groups were achieved via enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by 2.7 and 3.4-folds, respectively, through CCK activation with decline of hippocampal amyloid β accumulation by 67.29 % and 97.9 %, respectively, compared to UCMS with Esom group. Our study supports the neuroprotective effect of probiotics on cognitive impairment attributed to long-term use of GAS in the presence of stress, with a significant role for gut microbiota modulation.

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An innovative flexible nanoporous carbon fabrics were developed for selective capture of CO2 and its separation over N2 and H2 gases. The as developed flexible porous fabrics was fabricated using viscose rayon fabrics coated with various nanocoatings includes phosphorylated cellulose nanocrystals (P-CNC), polyaniline nanofibers (PANI-NFs) and graphene sheets derived from mandarin shell in conjunction with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Afterwards, they were carbonized and subsequently chemically activated with green potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate as an activating agent. The developed flexible porous carbon fabrics achieved superior microporosity with specific surface area and total pore volume of 753 m2 g-1 and 0.309 cm3 g-1, respectively. This is in addition to existence of ultramicropores of size 0.61 nm and rich doping with oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus species, in conjunction with precious metals residues. Besides, their flexibility, easier processability and safe handling properties, they achieved high CO2 uptake of 5.72 and 38.7 wt.% at 1 and 30 bar and room temperature, respectively. This superior CO2 uptake at pre-and post-combustion conditions was ascribed to ultramicropores and high electron density adsorption sites which affords easier adsorption and interaction of CO2 molecules with pore walls. Moreover, the flexible porous fabric records superior removal of CO2 over N2 from flue gas recording separation selectivity of CO2/N2 of 36.5 at 30 bar and room temperature based on uptake ratio. Additionally, they achieved outstanding separation selectivity of CO2 over H2 gas achieving CO2/H2 of 280.